Photocatalytic degradation of phenol over visible light active ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O nanocomposites heterojunction

Rosman, Nurafiqah; Salleh, Wan Norharyati Wan; Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi; Jaafar, Juhana; Harun, Zawati; Aziz, Farhana; Mohamed, Mohamad Azuwa; Ohtani, Bunsho; Takashima, Mai

doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.06.029

Cited by 55 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Only two intermediate compounds were detected at the end stage of phenol degradation of 360 min at the retention times of 1.8 and 3.3 min. The intermediate compounds might be due to the formation of compounds such as hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, and catechol [22,38] which can be confirmed through GC analysis. The peak intensity corresponding to phenol also showed decreasing trends within the 4 h degradation under UV light irradiation with a profound effect observed in the hybrid ZrO 2 -TiO 2 photocatalysts.…”

Section: Effect On Photocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 75%

Structural and photocatalytic properties of co-doped hybrid ZrO2–TiO2 photocatalysts

et al. 2019

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In this study, pure TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , and hybrid ZrO 2 -TiO 2 photocatalysts were synthesized through solgel process and calcined at three different temperatures. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer, and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer. The PXRD patterns show that the rutile phase of TiO 2 was suppressed through co-doping with ZrO 2 and produced small crystallite size. The hybrid photocatalysts with small crystallite size recorded the highest surface area of 114.7 m 2 /g compared to pure TiO 2 and ZrO 2 photocatalysts as confirmed by BET analysis. Irregular size and shape was observed in the hybrid photocatalysts compared to spherical shape and size in TiO 2 and flaky shape in ZrO 2 as shown by the FESEM images. The optical properties of the photocatalysts investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a decrease in band gap energy of pure TiO 2 through linear extrapolation from the Tauc's plot despite the slightly higher band gap energy of the hybrid photocatalysts. However, PL analysis showed that doping of ZrO 2 into TiO 2 increased the separation efficiency of the electron-hole pairs and enhanced the photocatalytic activity. The phenol degradation of the hybrid ZrO 2 -TiO 2 photocatalysts was higher compared to those of the pure TiO 2 and ZrO 2 . Keywords Solgel • Hybrid TiO 2 -ZrO 2 photocatalysts • Phenol degradation

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Section: Effect On Photocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 75%

Structural and photocatalytic properties of co-doped hybrid ZrO2–TiO2 photocatalysts

et al. 2019

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“…The photocatalyst was synthesized according to our previous study [24]. First, 1.95 g of PVDF pellets was added into 13 mL of DMAc solution prepared with acetone at the mass ratio of 2:3 and stirred at 60 • C until the polymer was dissolved.…”

Section: Preparation Of the Electrospun Nanofibermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous study on the modification of ZnO via heterojunction with mixed-phase semiconductors, Ag 2 CO 3 /Ag 2 O exhibited better photocatalytic properties than the pristine ZnO. The Ag 2 CO 3 /Ag 2 O heterostructure has found a relatively low band gap energy (about 2.3 eV), which offered the ability of absorbing a broad solar spectrum, making this novel ZnO/Ag 2 CO 3 /Ag 2 O photocatalyst effectively functional for photocatalytic application [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Nanofibers Embedding ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O Heterojunction Photocatalyst with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

et al. 2019

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The immobilization of photocatalyst onto substrate has a great potential for energy-intensive separation to avoid the costly separation process and unwanted release of photocatalyst into the treated water. In this study, electrospun nanofiber composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with the immobilized ZnO, ZnO/Ag2CO3, ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O, and ZnO/Ag2O photocatalysts were prepared via the electrospinning process. The immobilized ZnO and heterojunctioned ZnO in the PVDF electrospun nanofiber were proven via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrospinning allowed high chemical binding of the nanofiber composite with good physical interaction between the photocatalyst and the electrospun nanofiber. AFM images obtained for the nanofibers were found to be rougher than that of the pristine PVDF electrospun nanofiber. Among the photocatalyst embedded, the immobilized ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O had endowed the nanofiber with an excellent photocatalytic activity and recyclability for the degradation of the RR120 under UV light irradiation. Based on the results, effective immobilization of ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O in PVDF nanofiber with 99.62% photodegradation in 300 min compared to PVDF-ZnO, PVDF-ZnO/Ag2CO3, and PVDF-ZnO/Ag2O of 28.14%, 90.49%, and 96.34%, respectively. The effective ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O immobilization into polymers with affinity toward organic dye pollutants could both increase the efficiency and reduce the energy requirements for water treatment via the photocatalytic application.

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“…ZnO/TiO 2 photocatalyst exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO 2 , ZnO, and P-25 in the degradation of 4-chlorophenol under low UV irradiation [15]. The composites of ZnO/Ag 2 CO 3 / Ag 2 O demonstrated a potential effect in the photodegradation of phenol under visible light irradiation due to the facilitate charge transfer and suppress recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO-ZrO₂ Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation and Mineralization of Phenol

López

Lemus

Hidalgo

et al. 2019

Journal of Nanomaterials

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ZnO-ZrO2 nanocomposites using zinc (II) acetylacetonate and different ZnO contents (13, 25, 50, and 75% mol) were synthesized through sol-gel method. The synthesis process was strongly related to nanocomposite properties especially on their structural composition. The obtained ZnO-ZrO2 nanomaterials presented tetragonal crystalline structure for zirconia whereas hexagonal one was formed in ZnO. Raman spectroscopy and XRD patterns confirmed the formation of tetragonal zirconia whereas inhibition of monoclinic structure was observed. Addition of ZnO affected the pore size distribution of the composite, and the measured specific surface areas were from 10 m2/g (for pure ZnO) to 46 m2/g (pristine ZrO2). Eg values of ZrO2 were modified by ZnO addition, since calculated values using Kubelka-Munk’s function varied from 4.73 to 3.76 eV. The morphology and size of the nanomaterials investigated by electron microscopy showed formation of nanorods for ZnO with sizes ranging from 50 nm to 300 nm while zirconia was formed by smaller particles (less than 50 nm). The main advantage of using the nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of phenol was the mineralization degree, since 75ZnO-ZrO2 nanocomposite surpassed mineralization reached by pure ZnO and also inhibited formation of undesirable intermediates.

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Photocatalytic degradation of phenol over visible light active ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O nanocomposites heterojunction

Cited by 55 publications

References 51 publications

Structural and photocatalytic properties of co-doped hybrid ZrO2–TiO2 photocatalysts

Structural and photocatalytic properties of co-doped hybrid ZrO2–TiO2 photocatalysts

Electrospun Nanofibers Embedding ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O Heterojunction Photocatalyst with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO-ZrO₂ Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation and Mineralization of Phenol

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Photocatalytic degradation of phenol over visible light active ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O nanocomposites heterojunction

Cited by 55 publications

References 51 publications

Structural and photocatalytic properties of co-doped hybrid ZrO2–TiO2 photocatalysts

Structural and photocatalytic properties of co-doped hybrid ZrO2–TiO2 photocatalysts

Electrospun Nanofibers Embedding ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O Heterojunction Photocatalyst with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO-ZrO2 Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation and Mineralization of Phenol

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Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO-ZrO₂ Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation and Mineralization of Phenol