Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye by Using Tin-Doped CeO2-Fe2O3 Nanocomposite

Abstract

Organic dyes are frequently used in various industries such as textiles, medicines, plastics, etc. and contribute as a major source of environmental pollutants, which leads to harmful effects on livings. Therefore, in this study, a Sn-doped CeO2-Fe2O3 photocatalyst was synthesized using the thermal decomposition method and applied for the effective degradation and removal of rhodamine B dye under solar irradiation. The as-synthesized catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance (UV-vis DRS) techniques. The particle size of the photocatalyst was found 1-2 μm with a high surface area. The band gap energies of the catalyst narrowed to 2.2 eV after the Sn doping. The doping of Sn4+ ions into CeO2 lattice leads to the enhanced photocatalytic activity of CeO2-Fe2O3 composite by modified the Fermi levels of catalyst. The catalyst has shown a fast degradation rate under solar irradiance and is able to perform complete degradation of rhodamine B dye. The photocatalyst showed the COD removal up to 96% from the dye solution. Further, the scavenger test revealed the active species hydroxyl (•OH) and superoxide (O2 •−) radical are involved in the degradation of rhodamine B dye. The complete degradation of rhodamine B dye was studied and confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A plausible mechanism is proposed for the degradation process and charge transfer during the degradation.

Synthesis of Quinoline-based New Organic Chemosensors and its Application in Fluorophoric Detection of Metal-ions in Environmental Samples and Confirmation of Results using Molecular Modelling: A Complete Study

“…The DFT calculations were performed to develop the lowest energy structures of the ligands (QL1 and QL2) and the metal complexes of the ligands with Cu 2+ ions (Fig. 3a-b) [37,38]. The difference in the energy-gap between the homo and lumo orbitals was found 4.45 eV and 4.21 eV, respectively, for QL1 and QL2.…”

Sensitive Detection and Enantioseparation of β-Blockers with Quinoline Based Active Chiral Reagents using HPLC: Separation Mechanism and DFT Modelling

“…Validation: The current method was validated for accuracy, robustness, linearity and precision as described in ICH regulations [35]. The diastereomeric pair (P5 and P6) of propranolol prepared with QCR3 was used as a representative to validate the developed method as described in the literature [15,21,34,35]. The concentration of the samples was used in the range of 60-6000 ng/mL and the detection limit (LOD), quantification limit (LOQ), linearity, accuracy, precision and relative standard deviation (RSD) were calculated.…”

Synthesis of a Series of Quinoline-Based New Chiral Reagent and its Application in Separation of Racemic Mexiletine followed by Liquid Chromatography and Confirmation of Results Using Molecular Modelling; A Complete Study

“…The validation of the current analytical method was performed as per ICH regulations [30]. The validation study was conducted on diastereomers prepared with QCR-6 (DF-1 and DF-2) as a representative, as described in literature [8,9,31]. The concentration range of 30-3000 ng/mL was used for the validation and the detection limit (LOD), the quantification limit (LOQ), linearity, accuracy, precision and relative standard deviation (RSD) were determined.…”