Photocatalytic degradation of synthetic dyes using iron (III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe ₂ O ₃ ‐Nps) synthesised using Rhizophora mucronata Lam

Abstract

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles through plant extracts is gaining attention due to the toxic free synthesis process. The environmental engineering applications of many metal oxide nanoparticles have been reported. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3-Nps) were synthesised using a simple biosynthetic method using a leaf extract of a mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata through reduction of 0.01 M ferric chloride. Fe 2 O 3-Np synthesis was revealed by a greenish colour formation with a surface plasmon band observed close to 368 nm. The stable Fe 2 O 3-Np possessed excitation and emission wavelength of 368.0 and 370.5 nm, respectively. The Fourier-transform infrared spectral analysis revealed the changes in functional groups during formation of Fe 2 O 3-Np. Agglomerations of nanoparticles were observed during scanning electron microscopic analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis confirmed the ferric oxide nature. The average particle size of Fe 2 O 3-Np based on dynamic light scattering was 65 nm. Based on transmission electron microscopic analysis, particles were spherical in shape and the crystalline size was confirmed by selected area electron diffraction pattern analysis. The synthesised Fe 2 O 3-Np exhibited a good photodegradation efficiency with a reduction of 83 and 95% of phenol red and crystal violet under irradiation of sunlight and florescent light, respectively. This report is a facile synthesis method for Fe 2 O 3-Np with high photodegradation efficiency.

Application of 3D printing technology for green synthesis of Fe2O3using ABS/TPU/chlorella skeletons for methyl orange removal

“…Similarly, Rodzi 12 et al used chlorella extract to synthesize nano-iron oxide photocatalysts, achieving favorable outcomes in the degradation of crystal violet dye. Nathan 13 et al employed a leaf extract from the mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata to synthesize nano-iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 -Nps) photocatalysts, the synthesized Fe 2 O 3 -Nps exhibited notable photodegradation efficiency with a reduction of 83% and 95% of phenol red and crystal violet under irradiation of sunlight and florescent light, respectively. Iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) and certain other ferrites can be synthesized using various techniques such as chemical coprecipitation, hydrothermal fabrication, and sacrificial template methods.…”

Iron oxide nanoparticles derived from Chlorella vulgaris extract: Characterization and crystal violet photodegradation studies

“…Numerous studies have been published on the use of nanoparticles for dye removal from wastewater using photodegradation, including titanium dioxide [9], gold [9], and iron oxide nanoparticles [10]. Nathan et al [11] discovered that iron (III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3-NPs) synthesised using Rhizophora mucronate Lam demonstrated remarkable photodegradation efficiency, lowering phenol red and CV by 83% and 95%, respectively, when exposed to fluorescent light. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have also been shown to photodegrade CV dye up to 98 % after 25 mins of UV light exposure [12].…”

Removing MBD Using Fe2O3 NPs Modified by FeCl3 (0.1 M and 0.3 mM) With Myrtle Leaf Extract As Environmental Application

“…Gamma irradiation [31] and biological method [32]. These days the photo degradation method is considered as highly e cient and easy to apply [33][34][35][36]. But it needs a photo catalyst having high surface area, stability, photocatalytic activity and biocompatibility.…”