Photocatalytic Dye and Cr(VI) Degradation Using a Metal-Free Polymeric g-C3N4 Synthesized from Solvent-Treated Urea

Hu, Chechia; Chu, Yi Ching; Lin, Yan; Yang, Hee-dong; Wang, Ke‐Hsuan

doi:10.3390/polym11010182

Cited by 38 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Over the past few decades, the presence of azo dyes and hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in effluent water sources has led to severe environmental and public health problems. , It is urgent to remove these pollutants or reduce Cr(VI) from wastewater prior to discharge. Generally, the processes for Cr(VI) removal include ion exchange, adsorption, filtration, precipitation, and reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Hydrochloric Acid and Phytic Acid Doping on Polyaniline-Coupled g-C₃N₄ Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Cr(VI) Reduction and Dye Degradation

Chang

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In this study, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanosheets (CNns) were modified using polyaniline (PANI) codoped with an inorganic (hydrochloric acid, HCl) and an organic (phytic acid, PA) acid. Our results revealed that these samples exhibited extended visiblelight absorption and a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structure with a large specific surface area. They also inhibited photoluminescence emission, reduced electrical resistance, and provided abundant free radicals, resulting in high photocatalytic performance. The PANI/g-C 3 N 4 sample demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic activity of a Cr(VI) removal capacity of 4.76 mg•min −1 •g c −1 , which is the best record for the reduction of a 100 ppm K 2 Cr 2 O 7 solution. Moreover, g-C 3 N 4 coupled with PANI monotonically doped with HCl or PA did not demonstrate increased activity, suggesting that the codoping of HCl and PA plays a significant role in enhancing the performance. The improved photocatalytic activity of PANI/g-C 3 N 4 can be attributed to the interchain and intrachain doping of PA and HCl over PANI, respectively, to create a 3D connected network and synergistically increase the electrical conductivity. Therefore, new insights into g-C 3 N 4 coupled with PANI and codoped by HCl and PA may have excellent potential for the design of g-C 3 N 4 -based compounds for efficient photocatalytic reactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Hydrochloric Acid and Phytic Acid Doping on Polyaniline-Coupled g-C₃N₄ Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Cr(VI) Reduction and Dye Degradation

Chang

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…To the best of our knowledge, reports on dual detoxification of dye and toxic metal are sparsely documented in the contemporary literatures. 61 Here, the enhanced photocatalytic activity of Au-BiOI toward detoxification of MO and Cr(VI) can be ascribed to a combination of several factors such as SPR effect of gold nanoparticles, lowering of the bandgap energy and an efficient charge transfer in the interface of BiOI and Au NPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As shown in the figure, the nanohybrid exhibits excellent photocatalytic efficiency toward simultaneous detoxification of MO and Cr(VI) which confirms its ability for environmental remediation. To the best of our knowledge, reports on dual detoxification of dye and toxic metal are sparsely documented in the contemporary literatures Table demonstrates a comparison of photocatalytic performance of Au-BiOI nanohybrid with the reported BiOI based photocatalysts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flower-Like BiOI Microspheres Decorated with Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for Dual Detoxification of Organic and Inorganic Water Pollutants

Chatterjee

Kar

Wulferding

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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The development of bismuth-based photocatalysts in response to emerging demand for solving environmental problems has attracted immense interest over the past few years. This is owed to their low cost, nontoxicity, and high stability. Here, we report the synthesis of a nanohybrid consisting of 3D flower-like BiOI microspheres decorated with plasmonic gold nanoparticles (∼15 nm) to experience enhanced photocatalytic activity. Various characterization tools such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to investigate the morphology and crystallinity of the photocatalyst. The formation of the nanohybrid by the gold nanoparticles and BiOI microspheres has been confirmed by Raman as well as picosecond resolved ultrafast spectroscopy. The as-synthesized nanohybrid exhibits a superior photocatalytic activity toward the detoxification of organic (methyl orange) as well as inorganic (hexavalent chromium) water pollutants under visible and red light (λ > 600 nm) irradiation. Our detailed ultrafast spectroscopic studies link the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the nanohybrid to an improved charge carrier separation in the metal−semiconductor interface. In addition, we find that the degradation process of the dye and the reduction of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] are based on two completely different mechanisms. Moreover, our synthesized nanohybrid efficiently retains its activity as well as its structural stability after several cycles of light irradiation, which highlights it as a promising candidate for environmental remediation.

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“…Several C−N precursors such as urea, thiourea, melamine, cyanamide, and dicyanamide are used for g-C 3 N 4 synthesis (Figure 6a). The procedure is depicted in Figure 6b [51][52][53][54][55]. Among them, cyanamide and its derivates such as dicyanamide suffer from low solubility and high cost [56].…”

Section: G-c 3 N 4 Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)–Metal Oxide-Based Nanocomposites: Potential for Photocatalysis and Sensing

2022

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g-C3N4 has drawn lots of attention due to its photocatalytic activity, low-cost and facile synthesis, and interesting layered structure. However, to improve some of the properties of g-C3N4, such as photochemical stability, electrical band structure, and to decrease charge recombination rate, and towards effective light-harvesting, g-C3N4–metal oxide-based heterojunctions have been introduced. In this review, we initially discussed the preparation, modification, and physical properties of the g-C3N4 and then, we discussed the combination of g-C3N4 with various metal oxides such as TiO2, ZnO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, WO3, SnO, SnO2, etc. We summarized some of their characteristic properties of these heterojunctions, their optical features, photocatalytic performance, and electrical band edge positions. This review covers recent advances, including applications in water splitting, CO2 reduction, and photodegradation of organic pollutants, sensors, bacterial disinfection, and supercapacitors. We show that metal oxides can improve the efficiency of the bare g-C3N4 to make the composites suitable for a wide range of applications. Finally, this review provides some perspectives, limitations, and challenges in investigation of g-C3N4–metal-oxide-based heterojunctions.

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Photocatalytic Dye and Cr(VI) Degradation Using a Metal-Free Polymeric g-C3N4 Synthesized from Solvent-Treated Urea

Cited by 38 publications

References 55 publications

Synergistic Effect of Hydrochloric Acid and Phytic Acid Doping on Polyaniline-Coupled g-C₃N₄ Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Cr(VI) Reduction and Dye Degradation

Synergistic Effect of Hydrochloric Acid and Phytic Acid Doping on Polyaniline-Coupled g-C₃N₄ Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Cr(VI) Reduction and Dye Degradation

Flower-Like BiOI Microspheres Decorated with Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for Dual Detoxification of Organic and Inorganic Water Pollutants

A Comprehensive Review of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)–Metal Oxide-Based Nanocomposites: Potential for Photocatalysis and Sensing

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Photocatalytic Dye and Cr(VI) Degradation Using a Metal-Free Polymeric g-C3N4 Synthesized from Solvent-Treated Urea

Cited by 38 publications

References 55 publications

Synergistic Effect of Hydrochloric Acid and Phytic Acid Doping on Polyaniline-Coupled g-C3N4 Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Cr(VI) Reduction and Dye Degradation

Synergistic Effect of Hydrochloric Acid and Phytic Acid Doping on Polyaniline-Coupled g-C3N4 Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Cr(VI) Reduction and Dye Degradation

Flower-Like BiOI Microspheres Decorated with Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for Dual Detoxification of Organic and Inorganic Water Pollutants

A Comprehensive Review of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)–Metal Oxide-Based Nanocomposites: Potential for Photocatalysis and Sensing

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Synergistic Effect of Hydrochloric Acid and Phytic Acid Doping on Polyaniline-Coupled g-C₃N₄ Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Cr(VI) Reduction and Dye Degradation

Synergistic Effect of Hydrochloric Acid and Phytic Acid Doping on Polyaniline-Coupled g-C₃N₄ Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Cr(VI) Reduction and Dye Degradation