Photocatalytic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on aquatic organisms—Current knowledge and suggestions for future research

Haynes, Vena N.; Ward, J. Evan; Russell, Brandon; Agrios, Alexander G.

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.012

Cited by 72 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…14 Therefore, studies have had conflicting results regarding the risk of nanoparticles in the environment. [49][50][51][52] At this time, the overall risk to the environment is considered extremely low. Zinc ions present in sunscreens contribute to the concentrations of zinc in the environment.…”

Section: They Concluded That the Combination Of Zn 2+ In Combinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of inorganic UV filters zinc oxide and titanium dioxide

Schneider

Lim

2018

Photoderm Photoimm Photomed

248

124

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Summary Photoprotection has become integral in the prevention of keratinocyte cancer and photoaging. Organic ultraviolet (UV) filters such as oxybenzone and octinoxate have become controversial due to their potential impact on the environmental and their potential human health risks. As such, inorganic UV filters, zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), have become paramount in discussions about photoprotection. ZnO and TiO2 are used in sunscreens as nanoparticles, which denotes a size <100 nm. The smaller size of these mineral particles increases their cosmetic acceptability by users as they are much less visible after application. ZnO has a broad UVA‐UVB absorption curve, while TiO2 provides better UVB protection. Overall, the human health risks with inorganic filters are extremely low given a lack of percutaneous absorption; however, there is potential risk when exposed via inhalation, prompting recommendations against spray sunscreen products with nanoparticles. At this time, the known risk to the environment is low though the risk stratification may evolve with increasing usage of these filters and higher environmental concentrations. The continued practice of photoprotection is critical. The public should be counseled to seek shade, use photoprotective clothing including hats and glasses in addition to sunscreens on sun‐exposed skin. For those concerned about emerging evidence of environmental impact of organic UV filters, based on current evidence, ZnO and TiO2‐containing sunscreens are safe alternatives.

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Section: They Concluded That the Combination Of Zn 2+ In Combinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of inorganic UV filters zinc oxide and titanium dioxide

Schneider

Lim

2018

Photoderm Photoimm Photomed

248

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, toxic intermediates may be produced during photocatalysis, and the effects of pharmaceutical degradation products in the environment are of concern. Furthermore, when TiO 2 or nano-TiO 2 powder in water is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, radicals that are harmful to aquatic organisms are produced [13]. Therefore, the effective recovery of catalyst powder after wastewater treatment should be taken into consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Crotamiton from Reverse Osmosis Concentrate by a TiO2/Zeolite Composite Sheet

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate from wastewater reuse facilities contains concentrated emerging pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals. In this research, a paper-like composite sheet consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and zeolite was synthesized, and removal of the antipruritic agent crotamiton from RO concentrate was studied using the TiO 2 /zeolite composite sheet. The RO concentrate was obtained from a pilot-scale municipal secondary effluent reclamation plant. Effective immobilization of the two powders in the sheet made it easy to handle and to separate the photocatalyst and adsorbent from purified water. The TiO 2 /zeolite composite sheet showed excellent performance for crotamiton adsorption without obvious inhibition by other components in the RO concentrate. With ultraviolet irradiation, crotamiton was simultaneously removed through adsorption and photocatalysis. The photocatalytic decomposition of crotamiton in the RO concentrate was significantly inhibited by the water matrix at high initial crotamiton concentrations, whereas rapid decomposition was achieved at low initial crotamiton concentrations. The major degradation intermediates were also adsorbed by the composite sheet. This result provides a promising method of mitigating secondary pollution caused by the harmful intermediates produced during advanced oxidation processes. The cyclic use of the HSZ-385/P25 composite sheet indicated the feasibility of continuously removing crotamiton from RO concentrate.

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“…Some of the photocatalytic materials also show toxic effects against various aquatic organisms. 158 Moreover, the pollutants need to be in contact with the catalyst surface to get degraded into harmless products. Therefore, photocatalytic route is an adsorption limited process that hugely affects the overall efficiency of the disinfection process.…”

Section: •-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorination disadvantages and alternative routes for biofouling control in reverse osmosis desalination

et al. 2019

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With an ever-increasing human population, access to clean water for human use is a growing concern across the world. Seawater desalination to produce usable water is essential to meet future clean water demand. Desalination processes, such as reverse osmosis and multi-stage flash have been implemented worldwide. Reverse osmosis is the most effective technology, which uses a semipermeable membrane to produce clean water under an applied pressure. However, membrane biofouling is the main issue faced by such plants, which requires continuous cleaning or regular replacement of the membranes. Chlorination is the most commonly used disinfection process to pretreat the water to reduce biofouling. Although chlorination is widely used, it has several disadvantages, such as formation of disinfection by-products and being ineffective against some types of microbes. This review aims to discuss the adverse effect of chlorination on reverse osmosis membranes and to identify other possible alternatives of chlorination to reduce biofouling of the membranes. Reverse osmosis membrane degradation and mitigation of chlorines effects, along with newly emerging disinfection technologies, are discussed, providing insight to both academic institutions and industries for the design of improved reverse osmosis systems.

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Photocatalytic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on aquatic organisms—Current knowledge and suggestions for future research

Cited by 72 publications

References 127 publications

A review of inorganic UV filters zinc oxide and titanium dioxide

A review of inorganic UV filters zinc oxide and titanium dioxide

Removal of Crotamiton from Reverse Osmosis Concentrate by a TiO2/Zeolite Composite Sheet

Chlorination disadvantages and alternative routes for biofouling control in reverse osmosis desalination

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