“…The frequent detection of organic pollutants in environmental media due to the rapid advancement of industrial technology has raised numerous concerns [1,2]. Among the techniques used for the removal of organic pollutants from water, e.g., adsorption, catalytic degradation, and biodegradation [3], photocatalytic degradation is one of the most effective techniques, considering the mild operational conditions, high reaction rate, and excellent efficiency [4]. However, most conventional photocatalytic materials used for wastewater treatment, e.g., TiO 2 [5], ZnO [6], CdS [7], and WO 3 [8], are impractical because of their large band gaps and the resulting inability to directly adsorb and utilise visible light [9].…”