Photocatalytic Oxidation of Bacteria, Bacterial and Fungal Spores, and Model Biofilm Components to Carbon Dioxide on Titanium Dioxide-Coated Surfaces

Wolfrum, Edward J.; Huang, Jie; Blake, Daniel M.; Maness, Pin‐Ching; Huang, Zuhao; Fiest, Janene; Jacoby, William A.

doi:10.1021/es011423j

Cited by 227 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…When this damage reaches a level that cannot be repaired or reversed by the spores during germination, then the spore is inactive. Eventually, according to the results of Wolfrum et al [27], the spores could be completely mineralized. Considering the irradiation levels and the exposure times adopted in this work, mineralization is not expected to occur under our experimental conditions.…”

Section: Simplified Photocatalytic Inactivation Reaction Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Goswami et al [24] reported the total inactivation of Serratia marcescens in a photocatalytic reactor with recirculation. The photocatalytic inactivation of bioaerosols was also the subject of a handful of more recent publications [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. The use of photocatalytic process to degrade spores immobilized on a TiO 2 -coated surface was first reported by Wolfrum et al [27].…”

Section: Special Symbols [ ] Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the radiation flux on the photocatalytic inactivation of spores of Bacillus subtilis

Zacarías

Vaccari

Alfano

et al. 2010

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry

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a b s t r a c tIn this paper, the photocatalytic inactivation of dry spores of Bacillus subtilis dispersed on TiO 2 films and irradiated with UV-A radiation (2.44-0.29 mW cm −2 ) was studied. Experimental results indicate a minor reduction in the number of viable spores (69% of inactivation after 48 h of irradiation) when they were irradiated with UV-A radiation on borosilicate glass plates (without TiO 2 ), confirming the resistance of spores to UV-A radiation. However, the number of viable spores significantly decreased when they were irradiated with UV-A under similar conditions but on plates coated with TiO 2 (99.88% of inactivation after 24 h of irradiation), showing that dry spores of B. subtilis are vulnerable to photocatalytic inactivation. A simplified scheme was proposed to model the photocatalytic inactivation of B. subtilis, from which a kinetic expression was derived. Since the rate of photocatalytic inactivation is strongly dependent on the flux of the UV radiation on the TiO 2 films, the radiation field was modeled by means of CFD software. Experimental results of spore inactivation were fitted with the derived kinetic expression, showing the inactivation rate has a square root dependence on the radiation flux reaching the photocatalyst film.

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Section: Simplified Photocatalytic Inactivation Reaction Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Special Symbols [ ] Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the radiation flux on the photocatalytic inactivation of spores of Bacillus subtilis

Zacarías

Vaccari

Alfano

et al. 2010

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry

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“…TiO 2 morphology significantly affects its mobility inside a cell or through cell membranes, as well as the interactions with phagocytic cells that can trigger the signaling process for ROS generation [50]. The antimicrobial activity of nanoscale-TiO 2 towards Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger has been utilized in accelerated solar disinfection and in surface coatings [67,68,84].…”

Section: Toxicity Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4,50,53,67,84] Ultra-fine SiO 2 nanoparticles have been classified as human carcinogens [27]. Exposure to nano-sized SiO 2 causes alveolar cell toxicity and induces tumor necrosis genes in rats [3].…”

Section: Toxicity Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanomaterials Used in the Construction Industry

Lee

Mahendra

Alvarez

2009

Nanotechnology in Construction 3

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Abstract. Nanomaterials and nanocomposites with unique physical and chemical properties are increasingly being used by the construction industry to enable novel applications. Yet, we are confronted with the timely concern about their potential (unintended) impacts to the environment and human health. Here, we consider likely environmental release and exposure scenarios for nanomaterials that are often incorporated into building materials and/or used in various applications by the construction industry, such as carbon nanotubes, TiO 2 , and quantum dots. To provide a risk perspective, adverse biological and toxicological effects associated with these nanomaterials are also reviewed along with their mode of action. Aligned with ongoing multidisciplinary action on risk assessment of nanomaterials in the environment, this article concludes by discerning critical knowledge gaps and research needs to inform the responsible manufacturing, use and disposal of nanoparticles in construction materials.

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“…For example, biocides containing heavy metal ions function by penetrating the cell wall and inhibiting the bacterium's metabolic enzymes, whereas antimicrobial agents with cationic surfaces cause rupture of the bacterium's cytoplasmic membrane. Examples of organic biocides include polymers, tertiary alkyl amines and organic acids [59,60], while inorganic biocides include silver, zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), TiO 2 , and selenium [61][62][63][64][65][66]. Microcapsules containing biocides have also been developed in order to increase the longevity and efficiency of antimicrobial coatings [67][68][69].…”

Section: Antibacterial Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Coatings and Microencapsulation: A General Perspective

Ghosh¹

2006

Functional Coatings

159

130

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Today, many objects that we come across in our daily lives, including the house in which we live and the materials we use (e.g., toothbrushes, pots and pans, refrigerators, televisions, computers, cars, furniture) all come under the "umbrella" of coated materials. Likewise, fields such as military applications -for example, vehicles, artilleries and invisible radars -and aerospace products such as aircraft, satellites and solar panels all involve the widespread use of coated materials. Clearly, the importance of coatings has increased hugely during the modern era of technology.Coating is defined as a material (usually a liquid) which is applied onto a surface and appears as either a continuous or discontinuous film after drying. However, the process of application and the resultant dry film is also regarded as coating [1]. Drying of the liquid coating is mostly carried out by evaporative means or curing (cross-linking) by oxidative, thermal or ultraviolet light and other available methods. Paint can be defined as a dispersion that consists of binder(s), volatile components, pigments and additives (catalyst, driers, f low modifiers) [2]. The binder (polymer or resin) is the component that forms the continuous film, adheres to the substrate, and holds the pigments and fillers in the solid film. The volatile component is the solvent that is used for adjusting the viscosity of the formulation for easy application. Depending on their compositions, paints can be divided into three groups: solvent-borne, water-borne and solvent-free (100% solid). Solvent-borne paints consist of resin, additives and pigments that are dissolved or dispersed in organic solvents. Similarly, in water-borne paints the ingredients are dispersed in water. In solvent-free compositions, the paints do not contain any solvent or water and the ingredients are dispersed directly in the resin.The properties of coating films are determined by the types of binders, pigments and miscellaneous additives used in the formulation. Moreover, types of substrates, substrate pretreatments, application methods and conditions of film formation

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Photocatalytic Oxidation of Bacteria, Bacterial and Fungal Spores, and Model Biofilm Components to Carbon Dioxide on Titanium Dioxide-Coated Surfaces

Cited by 227 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of the radiation flux on the photocatalytic inactivation of spores of Bacillus subtilis

Effect of the radiation flux on the photocatalytic inactivation of spores of Bacillus subtilis

Potential Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanomaterials Used in the Construction Industry

Functional Coatings and Microencapsulation: A General Perspective

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