Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide over Ag Cocatalyst-Loaded ALa4Ti4O15 (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) Using Water as a Reducing Reagent

Iizuka, Kotaro; Wato, Tomoaki; Miseki, Yugo; Saito, Kenji; Kudo, Akihiko

doi:10.1021/ja207586e

Cited by 578 publications

(445 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Second, electron transfer could be promoted in the direction from TiO 2 CB to external trappers or carriers. The electron trappers can be noble metals (e.g., Pt, Pd, Au, Ag) (Sasirekha et al, 2006;Iizuka et al, 2011;Yui et al, 2011;An et al, 2012;Uner and Oymak, 2012;Wang et al, 2012b) or metal oxides (e.g., CuO, FeO x , CeO 2 ) (Tseng et al, 2004;Qin et al, 2011;Srinivas et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011b;Truong et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012b), and the electron carriers are often carbon materials (e.g., graphene) (Liang et al, 2011(Liang et al, , 2012Tu et al, 2012). Third, the incorporation of TiO 2 with another semiconductor, i.e., photo-sensitizer (e.g., AgBr, CdSe, PbS) Asi et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011a;An et al, 2012) or n-type semiconductor (e.g., ZnO) (Xi et al, 2011), promotes electron transfer between the CB of the second semiconductor and the CB of TiO 2 .…”

Section: Effect Of Materials Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on TiO2-Based Photocatalysts: A Review

Liu

2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

316

217

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Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the research of photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 with H 2 O, an innovative way to simultaneously reduce the level of CO 2 emissions and produce renewable and sustainable fuels. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and modified TiO 2 composites are the most widely used photocatalysts in this application; however, the reaction mechanism of CO 2 photoreduction on TiO 2 photocatalysts is still not very clear, and the reaction intermediates and product selectivity are not well understood. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the exploration of reaction mechanism of CO 2 photoreduction with H 2 O in correlation with the TiO 2 photocatalyst characteristics. Discussions are provided in the following sections: (1) CO 2 adsorption, activation and dissociation on TiO 2 photocatalyst; (2) mechanism and approaches to enhance charge transfer from photocatalyst to reactants (i.e., CO 2 and H 2 O); and (3) surface intermediates, reaction pathways, and product selectivity. In each section, the effects of material properties are discussed, including TiO 2 crystal phases (e.g., anatase, rutile, brookite, or their mixtures), surface defects (e.g., oxygen vacancy and Ti 3+) and material modifications (e.g., incorporation of noble metal, metal oxide, and/or nonmetal species to TiO 2 ). Finally, perspectives on future research directions and open issues to be addressed in CO 2 photoreduction are outlined in this review paper.

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Section: Effect Of Materials Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on TiO2-Based Photocatalysts: A Review

Liu

2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

316

217

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“…30¯mol g ¹1 ). Note that a similar Ru(II) complex having no anchoring group did not undergo adsorption on C 3 N 4 .…”

Section: ¹1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Activity of Carbon Nitride Modified with a Ruthenium(II) Complex Having Carboxylic- or Phosphonic Acid Anchoring Groups for Visible-light CO₂ Reduction

2016

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Semiconducting C 3 N 4 powder modified with a catalytic Ru(II) complex having carboxylic acid groups as anchors showed higher activity for CO 2 reduction into HCOOH under visible light ( > 400 nm) at the initial stage of the reaction, whereas an analogue anchored with phosphonic acid groups exhibited higher stability.Photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into energy-rich chemicals has long been studied as an important half cycle of artificial photosynthesis.110 CO 2 reduction using illuminated semiconductor particles as heterogeneous photocatalysts may become the ultimate goal for large-scale applications. We have proposed hybrid photocatalysts that consist of a metal complex and a polymeric C 3 N 4 semiconductor as potential heterogeneous photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction under visible light.10 For example, C 3 N 4 modified with trans(Cl)-Ru{(X 2 bpy) 2 (CO) 2 Cl 2 } (bpy: 2,2¤-bipyridine; X = PO 3 H 2 or CH 2 PO 3 H 2 ) was capable of photocatalytically reducing CO 2 into HCOOH under visible light. Besides, isotope tracer experiments using 13 CO 2 indicated that the produced HCOOH originated not from carbon contaminants and/or C 3 N 4 itself, but from CO 2 gas. 10aIn any hybrid system consisting of a semiconductor and a metal complex, anchoring groups in the metal complex play vital roles of determining the efficiency of electron transfer from one side to the other. The combination of a Ru polypyridyl complex and a metal oxide would be the best known system among metal-complex/semiconductor hybrids such as dyesensitized solar cells and visible-light-driven water splitting assemblies. 1116 It is known that a phosphonic acid group can form stronger chemical bonding with the metal oxide surface over a wide pH range, as compared to a carboxylic acid group. However, the stronger bonding via phosphonate does not always lead to higher performance. Actually, it has been reported that the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiencies of dyesensitized solar cells using phosphonate anchoring groups were approximately 30% lower than that of carboxylate-anchored ones.14b Conversely, the H 2 evolution photocatalytic activity of a Ru-complex/TiO 2 with phosphonate was much higher than that of a carboxylic acid one.15 Suzuki et al. recently investigated the effects of anchoring groups on photocatalytic CO 2 reduction using nitrogen-doped Ta 2 O 5 , a p-type semiconductor, modified with [Ru(X 2 bpy) 2 (CO) 2 ] 2+ (X = COOH or PO 3 H 2 ), 3b which is a well-known electrocatalyst for CO 2 reduction.17 According to that study, an analogue anchored by phosphonate exhibited a higher rate of HCOOH production and improved catalytic turnover number as compared to carboxylate anchored one. Although the reason for the different performances achieved in different applications has not been systematically understood, it is intriguing to compare such an anchoring effect on photocatalytic CO 2 reduction using C 3 N 4 , because the surface of C 3 N 4 is completely different from that of ordinary metal-based semiconductors. 18Here we compared...

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“…[1][2][3] However, in spite of intensive research efforts, the efficient generation of renewable energy sources from CO 2 has proved to be a major challenge. [4][5][6][7] Photo-electrochemical CO 2 conversion is one of the basic strategies for CO 2 reduction. The phenomenon was first observed in systems in which light was used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of inserted Si p-n junction on GaN-based photo-electrochemical CO2 conversion system

et al. 2014

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We report on significantly improved GaN-based photo-electrochemical CO2 reduction system by inserting Si p-n junction. The device is introduced so as to raise the cathode potential which changes the reaction products qualitatively. It is discussed that the balance between cathode and anode reactions is essential to take the advantage of introduced device. We succeed in stoichiometric evaluation of oxygen evolution on the surface of GaN photo-electrode. When the reaction condition is optimized, we can realize the raised cathode potential, in which the chief reaction product of CO2 reduction changes from formic acid to hydrocarbons, such as methane (CH4) and ethylene (C2H4).

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Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide over Ag Cocatalyst-Loaded ALa₄Ti₄O₁₅ (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) Using Water as a Reducing Reagent

Cited by 578 publications

References 54 publications

Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on TiO2-Based Photocatalysts: A Review

Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on TiO2-Based Photocatalysts: A Review

Photocatalytic Activity of Carbon Nitride Modified with a Ruthenium(II) Complex Having Carboxylic- or Phosphonic Acid Anchoring Groups for Visible-light CO₂ Reduction

Effect of inserted Si p-n junction on GaN-based photo-electrochemical CO2 conversion system

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Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide over Ag Cocatalyst-Loaded ALa4Ti4O15 (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) Using Water as a Reducing Reagent

Cited by 578 publications

References 54 publications

Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on TiO2-Based Photocatalysts: A Review

Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on TiO2-Based Photocatalysts: A Review

Photocatalytic Activity of Carbon Nitride Modified with a Ruthenium(II) Complex Having Carboxylic- or Phosphonic Acid Anchoring Groups for Visible-light CO2 Reduction

Effect of inserted Si p-n junction on GaN-based photo-electrochemical CO2 conversion system

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Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide over Ag Cocatalyst-Loaded ALa₄Ti₄O₁₅ (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) Using Water as a Reducing Reagent

Photocatalytic Activity of Carbon Nitride Modified with a Ruthenium(II) Complex Having Carboxylic- or Phosphonic Acid Anchoring Groups for Visible-light CO₂ Reduction