Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of Three Carbon-Bridged Fullerene Dimers:  C<sub>121</sub> (I, II, III)

Ren, Ting X; Sun, Baoyun; Chen, Zhenling; Li, Qu; Yuan, Hui; Gao, Xingfa; Wang, Shukuan; He, Rui; Zhao, Feng; Zhao, Yuliang; Liu, Zhongshi; Jing, Xiping

doi:10.1021/jp0701688

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…3,4 Under the severe neutron irradiation condition, the yield of isomers should be totally dependent on their thermodynamic stabilities. 11 The theoretical calculations concluded that the most possible structures of C 131 and C 141 were both [6,6]- [6,6] connections, in which C 70 opened the [6,6] ring that located at the equator area to create new chemical bonds with the bridged carbon atom. 3,4 We speculated that the structure of C 131 and C 141 in this study should be a [6,6]- [6,6] connection, which was similar to that of C 121 (I).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isomeric and Structural Impacts on Electron Acceptability of Carbon Cages in Atom-Bridged Fullerene Dimers

et al. 2007

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The electrochemical properties of the carbon-bridged fullerene dimers C 121 (I), C 121 (II), C 121 (III), C 131 , and C 141 were characterized systematically for the first time in this study. Cyclic voltammogram and differential pulse voltammogram analyses revealed that they first underwent three reversible fullerene-unit-based reduction processes where each of the two carbon cages accepted one electron in each step and then possessed a different deep reduction sequence from the fourth to sixth reduction potentials of the fullerene cages. The electronic interactions between cages in the atom-bridged dimers (e.g., C 60 -C-C 60 ) were found to be different from those of dimers in which two cages were connected directly. Comparison studies of the redox properties of the five dimers revealed that the C 60 dimerization via [5.6]-[6.6] connection influenced the cage electron acceptability much more than that of [5.6]-[5.6] or [6.6]-[6.6] connections and the dimerization with C 70 cages influenced the reduction potentials of dimerized products more potently than that with C 60 cages. Further results from controlled potential electrolysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, ultraviolet absorption spectral analyses demonstrated the reduction processes and a dissociation of the dimers based on reductions. The theoretical understanding of the experiments was investigated by using time-dependent density functional calculations for the ionic states of C 121 (I, II, III) n-with n ) 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. IntroductionElectrochemical characterization, as one of the most useful tools in the study of electronic properties, has been successfully performed on a lot of fullerenes and their derivatives. The properties, stability, mechanism, and reactivity of fullerene derivatives could be deduced from the experiment. 1-6 Many kinds of fullerene-cage-based derivatives have been synthesized for the purpose of developing electrochemically or optically active systems with different applications, whose basic constructing units are dimer, carbon-bridged dimer, or trimer structures. Their electronic properties are mostly dominated by the electronic interactions between the neighboring fullerene cages of the dimerized units. How the dimerization influences the electronically functional properties is of particular interest for developing as well as understanding the ultimate materials of fullerene derivatives with the desired functions and expected applications such as photovoltaic conversion materials and alloptical switch or optical limiting materials. 7,8 In this work, electrochemical analyses were performed on a series of fullerene dimers, in which the two fullerene cages were

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isomeric and Structural Impacts on Electron Acceptability of Carbon Cages in Atom-Bridged Fullerene Dimers

et al. 2007

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“…40 Photochemical and photophysical properties of the three bridged isomers [6,6]–[6,6], [5,6]–[6,6], and [5,6]–[5,6] also have been reported. 41,42 …”

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confidence: 99%

Building Carbon Bridges on and between Fullerenes in Helium Nanodroplets

Krasnokutski

Kühn

Kaiser

et al. 2016

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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We report the observation of sequential encounters of fullerenes with C atoms in an extremely cold environment. Experiments were performed with helium droplets at 0.37 K doped with C60 molecules and C atoms derived from a novel, pure source of C atoms. Very high-resolution mass spectra revealed the formation of carbenes of the type C60(C:)n with n up to 6. Bridge-type bonding of the C adatoms to form the known dumbbell C60=C=C60 also was observed. Density functional theory calculations were performed that elucidated the carbene character of the C60(C:)n species and their structures. Mass spectra taken in the presence of water impurities and in separate experiments with added H2 also revealed the formation of the adducts C60Cn(H2O)n and C60Cn(H2)n probably by H–OH and H–H bond insertion, respectively, and nonreactivity for the dumbell. So C adatoms that form carbenes C60(C:)n can endow pristine C60 with a higher chemical reactivity.

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“…According to the density functional theory results of C 60 dimer [57,58], the LUMOs are assumed slightly lowered in comparison with normal PC 61 BM. In fact, V oc of photovoltaic devices incorporating PC 61 BM nanowires is decreased, and further decreased with increasing the number density and length of PC 61 BM nanowires.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Application Of Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanowires for Renewable Energy

Seki

Sakurai

Omichi

et al. 2015

SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science

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Through diminishing fossil fuels in the past century, we come to notice the urgent requirement of carbon-free energy, leading to a global exploration of renewable energy source to meet rising demands. Photovoltaic cell made of Si and compound semiconductors is a premiere technology for converting the sunlight energy to electricity; however, the cost per unit energy production including manufacture, maintenance, and real estate for installment and operation has not been satisfactory yet. As a counterpart of inorganic solar cell, organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have emerged to offer a low-cost renewable source compatible with cost-effective roll-to-roll process [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Of unique advantage is a wide freedom in color and shape management, i.e., transparent OPV can be placed on a roof of green house without disturbing growth of inside plants, colorful OPV is acceptable as a stylish interior and exterior, and light-weight OPV can be transferred into mostly desirable shape such as a round roof of car and a telegraph pole. Despite these intrinsic benefits, OPV is still in a developing regime from the viewpoints of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability [11].Bulk heterojunction (BHJ)-based OPV consisting of positive (p)-type and negative (n)-type materials is a notable architecture [12]. This allows the formation of a bi-continuous network with a large p/n interface, so that PCE can be improved. Fullerene, which has spherical π-conjugation and intriguing electronic nature, is the most privileged n-type material, which also provides wide applications in cosmetics, fluid lubrication, and hard plastics [13][14][15]. The marked progress of fullerene derivatives has been leveraged due to their versatile synthesis and high PCE in OPV performance [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], while the thermal instability of fullerene phase is one of the major concerns for the practical application of OPV. Therefore, high-conductive fullerene nanowires in BHJ architecture might merit both a large interface of p/n junctions and electron transport to the cathode.

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Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of Three Carbon-Bridged Fullerene Dimers: C₁₂₁ (I, II, III)

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Isomeric and Structural Impacts on Electron Acceptability of Carbon Cages in Atom-Bridged Fullerene Dimers

Isomeric and Structural Impacts on Electron Acceptability of Carbon Cages in Atom-Bridged Fullerene Dimers

Building Carbon Bridges on and between Fullerenes in Helium Nanodroplets

Nanowires for Renewable Energy

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Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of Three Carbon-Bridged Fullerene Dimers: C121 (I, II, III)

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Isomeric and Structural Impacts on Electron Acceptability of Carbon Cages in Atom-Bridged Fullerene Dimers

Isomeric and Structural Impacts on Electron Acceptability of Carbon Cages in Atom-Bridged Fullerene Dimers

Building Carbon Bridges on and between Fullerenes in Helium Nanodroplets

Nanowires for Renewable Energy

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Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of Three Carbon-Bridged Fullerene Dimers: C₁₂₁ (I, II, III)