Photochemical breakdown of acetone on copper

Kagwade, S. V.; Clayton, Clive R.; Chidambaram, Dev; Halada, Gary P.

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(01)00359-0

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Analogs of theta and sigma phase were conversion coated. A 'cold Alodine' treatment 15 was used to simulate the alloy/CCC interfacial layer, which has been regarded generally as the least resistant part of a coated alloy system. The present work with the cold Alodine treatment extends that of Waldrop and Kendig 16 by attempting to correlate CCC nucleation with specific microstructural features.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper-free polishing suspensions and no acetone were used for the reasons described elsewhere by co-authors. 14,15 Samples were rinsed ultrasonically in isopropanol and dried in a stream of nitrogen gas. Chromate conversion coatings were created by dipping samples in Alodine 1200S (concentration D 7.6 g l 1 ; composition (in wt.%) D 50-60% CrO 3 , 20-30% KBF 4 , 10-15% K 3 Fe(CN) 6 , 5-10% K 2 ZrF 6 and 5-10% NaF).…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatially resolved microchemical analysis of chromate‐conversion‐coated aluminum alloy AA2024‐T3

Vasquez

Kearns

Halada

et al. 2002

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The corrosion of aerospace aluminum alloys has been linked to the electrochemical behavior and chemical composition of constituent intermetallic compounds (IMCs). In this study, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), synchrotron infrared microspectrometry (SIRMS) and xray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) were used to characterize chromate conversion coatings (CCCs) formed on AA2024-T3 sheet and cast IMC analogs. The nascent surface film formed on IMC and matrix surfaces was characterized to reveal the influence of microstructure on CCC structure and composition. Copper-rich regions were found on the outermost CCC surface. Intermetallic compounds rich in Cu were found to be surface depleted of Cr and enriched in CN from the ferricyanide present in the CCC as an accelerator compound. By distinguishing particle morphology and chemistry, SIMS data demonstrated that heterogeneities in CCC composition were associated with IMCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially resolved microchemical analysis of chromate‐conversion‐coated aluminum alloy AA2024‐T3

Vasquez

Kearns

Halada

et al. 2002

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…Degreasing and ultrasonic cleaning between successive polishes with finer grits were performed using isopropanol, to prevent any photochemical reaction that might be expected with the use of acetone. [34][35][36] The polished AA2024-T3 samples were then conversion coated using Alodine 1200S ͑Parker Amchem͒ for 300 s. Finally, the samples were rinsed thoroughly in deionized water, followed by drying with nitrogen. …”

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confidence: 99%

“…ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 138.251.14 35. Downloaded on 2015-03-31 to IP…”

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confidence: 99%

Synchrotron Radiation Based Grazing Angle Infrared Spectroscopy of Chromate Conversion Coatings Formed on Aluminum Alloys

Chidambaram

Halada

Clayton

2004

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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For the first time, synchrotron radiation based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using a grazing angle objective has been performed on a chromate conversion coating ͑CCC͒ formed on an aluminum alloy. Synchrotron radiation ͑SR͒ based grazing angle infrared spectroscopy ͑GAIRS͒ has been compared with the most commonly performed near-normal reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy ͑RAIRS͒. Our results indicate that the use of grazing angle incidence increases the sensitivity to the surface species. The SR-GAIRS technique was observed to have nearly an order of magnitude higher sensitivity to chromate compared to the SR-RAIRS technique. Significant amounts of the Cr-O bonds associated with the hexavalent chromium seem to be oriented in a direction normal to the surface. Thickness of the CCC was calculated using theoretical expressions. Calculated thickness agrees with reported values, thereby validating the use of SR-GAIRS as a tool for rapid, nondestructive thickness measurements. Hence, synchrotron radiation based grazing angle infrared spectroscopy can prove to be a highly effective tool to study the local chemistry on surfaces under ambient conditions. Dichromate based solutions have been used as corrosion inhibitors on aluminum since the beginning of the last century. 1-4 Since then, the mechanism of protection offered by chromate-based solutions has been under investigation. Toxicity and mutagenic effects of hexavalent chromium have stimulated the development of alternative coatings, 5-7 the success of which depends on understanding precisely the underlying mechanism of protection offered by hexavalent chromium. A variety of surface analytical tools have been utilized to study the interaction of chromates with aluminum, including Auger electron spectroscopy ͑AES͒, 8,9 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ͑XPS͒, 8,10-14 Fourier transform infrared ͑FTIR͒ spectroscopy, [15][16][17][18][19] Raman microscopy, 18,20,21 UV-visible spectroscopy, 22 ellipsometry, 23 atomic force microscopy, 24,25 transmission electron microscopy, 25-27 Rutherford back scattering, 8 secondary ion mass spectroscopy ͑SIMS͒, 28 X-ray absorption spectroscopy ͑XAS͒, 17,29 and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy ͑XANES͒. 17,[30][31][32][33] Infrared spectroscopy has gained prominence due to its ability to determine the chemical nature, and in some cases, the geometry of adsorbates on surfaces. Infrared microspectroscopy is a nondestructive technique that allows chemical analysis of materials at a lateral resolution of few microns. This feature combined with stability of chromate conversion coatings ͑CCCs͒ under these experimental conditions have resulted in numerous studies. [15][16][17][18][19]23 The ability of FTIR spectroscopy to be operated in various modes makes it a very attractive analytical technique. However, only reflection-absorption and transmission modes are routinely employed to study thin films and coatings. The grazing angle objective ͑GAO͒ provides infrared radiation at grazing incidence ͑65°-85°͒, which enhances the...

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“…Note that the employed cleaning procedure for copper parts presented in Tab. II avoids the Aceton cleaning 28 . We didn't use any ultrasonic bath (US) cleaning for the em- ployed vacuum chamber, electrical feedthroughs, and optical viewports, as they were specified to be clean upon delivery and so we just wiped them with HPLC methanol before the assembly.…”

Section: Vacuum Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A room-temperature ion trapping apparatus with hydrogen partial pressure below 10−11 mbar

Obšil

Lešundák

Minh

et al. 2019

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The lifetime of trapped ion ensembles corresponds to a crucial parameter determining the potential scalability of their prospective applications and is often limited by the achievable vacuum level in the apparatus. We report on the realization of a room-temperature 40 Ca + ion trapping vacuum apparatus with unprecedentedly low reaction rates of ions with a dominant vacuum contaminant: hydrogen. We present our trap assembly procedures and hydrogen pressure characterization by analysis of the CaH + molecule formation rate.

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Photochemical breakdown of acetone on copper

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Spatially resolved microchemical analysis of chromate‐conversion‐coated aluminum alloy AA2024‐T3

Spatially resolved microchemical analysis of chromate‐conversion‐coated aluminum alloy AA2024‐T3

Synchrotron Radiation Based Grazing Angle Infrared Spectroscopy of Chromate Conversion Coatings Formed on Aluminum Alloys

A room-temperature ion trapping apparatus with hydrogen partial pressure below 10−11 mbar

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