Photochemical Consideration in the Interactions between Blood Proteins and Layered Inorganic Materials

Abstract

Interactions between layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterials and plasma proteins according to their particle size and surface charge were evaluated. The LDHs with different particle size (150, 350 and 2000 nm) were prepared by adjusting hydrothermal treatment and urea hydrolysis and subsequent organic coating with citrate, malite and serite was applied to control the surface charge (ζ-potential: −15, 6 and 36 mV). Adsorption isotherms and Stern–Volmer plots for fluorescence quenching indicated that the human blood plasma had weak interactions toward all the types of LDHs. The adsorption isotherms did not show significant differences in the size and surface charges, while the fluorescence quenching ratio increased with the increase in the surface charge, implying that electrostatic interaction played a major role in their interactions. The fluorescence quenching of three types of plasma proteins (human serum albumin, γ-globulin and fibrinogen) by the surface charge-controlled LDHs suggested that the proteins adsorbed on the LDHs with a single layer and additional proteins were weakly adsorbed to surround the LDHs with adsorbed proteins. It was concluded that the LDH nanomaterials are fairly compatible for blood components due to the protein corona while the electrostatic interaction can affect their interaction with the proteins.

Blood Compatibility of Drug–Inorganic Hybrid in Human Blood: Red Blood Cell Hitchhiking and Soft Protein Corona

“…Despite the growing interest in LDH as a DDS, there has been only limited information on the hematocompatibility of LDH. We recently reported that LDH itself demonstrated negligible blood cell damage regardless of the particle size surface charge [18] and that LDH did not seriously denature the plasma proteins [11,19]. Other research also reported that surface modification of LDH with polysulfobetaine had excellent blood compatibility [20,21].…”

“…Landgraf et al presented that the gold nanoparticleincorporated Fe 3 O 4 with protein corona had enhanced biocompatibility in mouse systems compared with corona-free ones [30]. Meanwhile, we previously reported that LDH nanomaterials were fairly inert to red blood cells (RBCs) regardless of the size and surface charge [18], and that LDH could interact with proteins to different degrees depending on the size and surface charge [19]. The drug-incorporated LDH, of which the surface might be partially covered by the drug, would undergo different blood interactions [11].…”

Controlling the Surface Morphology of Two-Dimensional Nano-Materials upon Molecule-Mediated Crystal Growth

“…In parallel, the surface control of an individual particle composing bulk material on the nanoscale is also an important issue considering the fabrication and engineering for versatile applications, for example, heterogeneous catalysts [ 13 , 14 ], biological cellular uptake [ 15 , 16 ], and so on. Layered double hydroxide (LDH), one of the layered materials with a chemical formula of [M 2+ 1−x M 3+ x (OH) 2 ] x+ (A n− ) x/n ∙mH 2 O (M 2+ : divalent metal, M 3+ : trivalent metal, A n− : interlayer anion, m: number of interlayer water), is a biologically and environmentally friendly material [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] and is easily synthesized under mild conditions [ 21 , 22 ] to have high anisotropy [ 23 , 24 ]. LDH is a well-known precursor for mixed metal oxide [ 25 , 26 ], of which the particle morphology is fairly dependent on that of the precursor, LDH [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Time-Dependent Controlled Release of Ferulic Acid from Surface-Modified Hollow Nanoporous Silica Particles

“…Over the last few decades, nanotechnology-based drug delivery carriers have been intensively studied in order to enhance drug efficacy [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] and to minimize side effects [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Various nanomaterials such as liposomes [ 7 ], polymer nanoparticles [ 8 ], 2-dimensional nanomaterials [ 9 , 10 ] and porous nanomaterials [ 2 ] have been under development for these purposes.…”