H atom transfer reactions in the 2-hydroxyethyl radical (CH 2 CH 2 OH), formed by addition of an OH radical to ethylene, have been computationally evaluated both in the gas-phase and in the presence of a single water molecule, and the corresponding transition state (TS) structures determined and discussed. The considered isomerization reactions of CH 2 CH 2 OH include a [1,3] hydrogen shift to form CH 3 CH 2 O (reaction (1)) and a [1,2] hydrogen shift to form CH 3 CHOH (reaction (2)). The presence of a single water molecule in two-step processes was found to significantly reduce the energy barrier for these rearrangements by providing alternative mechanisms that avoid the strained TSs found in the unimolecular gas phase and in the single-step waterassisted synchronous reactions. In addition, the effect of one water molecule in the single-step [1,3] hydrogen rearrangement of vinyl alcohol (reaction (3)), the product of one hydrogen atom abstraction from CH 2 CH 2 OH, has also been considered and discussed. Unlike reactions (1) and ( 2), where the water-assisted single-step processes yielded energy barriers higher than the gas-phase reactions, the TS system for reaction (3) has an energy barrier well below the energy barrier for the single-step gas-phase mechanism. While the computed activation energies for the lower activation energy reaction paths are still significant and there may be other reactions for the CH 2 CH 2 OH radical that are more energetically favorable, this study suggests that gas-phase chemistry can be significantly altered in the unique solvated environment of a gas-phase cluster.
MethodsAb initio molecular orbital calculations were performed with Gaussian 94. 32 Transition state (TS) structures were optimized using the UMP2/6-31++G** model chemistry and energies were subsequently improved in single-point energy calculations at the UMP4 level. 33 For both minima and transition states,