Photochemical investigations into cellulosic materials, IV. Photosensitized free radical generation in cellulose acetate and oligosaccharide compounds

Merlin, André; Fouassier, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1002/apmc.1982.051080111

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The interpretation of the mechanism with the initial free-radical intermediates was confirmed by Merlin and Fouassier in 1982 who performed similar ESR studies on acetate films [56] and compared the resulting spectra with those from cellulose and similar monomeric reference substances.…”

Section: Degradation By Far Uv-lightmentioning

confidence: 75%

Degradation of Cellulose Acetate-Based Materials: A Review

Puls¹,

Wilson

Hölter³

2010

J Polym Environ

536

321

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Cellulose acetate polymer is used to make a variety of consumer products including textiles, plastic films, and cigarette filters. A review of degradation mechanisms, and the possible approaches to diminish the environmental persistence of these materials, will clarify the current and potential degradation rates of these products after disposal. Various studies have been conducted on the biodegradability of cellulose acetate, but no review has been compiled which includes biological, chemical, and photo chemical degradation mechanisms. Cellulose acetate is prepared by acetylating cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer. Cellulose is readily biodegraded by organisms that utilize cellulase enzymes, but due to the additional acetyl groups cellulose acetate requires the presence of esterases for the first step in biodegradation. Once partial deacetylation has been accomplished either by enzymes, or by partial chemical hydrolysis, the polymer's cellulose backbone is readily biodegraded. Cellulose acetate is photo chemically degraded by UV wavelengths shorter than 280 nm, but has limited photo degradability in sunlight due to the lack of chromophores for absorbing ultraviolet light. Photo degradability can be significantly enhanced by the addition of titanium dioxide, which is used as a whitening agent in many consumer products. Photo degradation with TiO 2 causes surface pitting, thus increasing a material's surface area which enhances biodegradation. The combination of both photo and biodegradation allows a synergy that enhances the overall degradation rate. The physical design of a consumer product can also facilitate enhanced degradation rate, since rates are highly influenced by the exposure to environmental conditions. The patent literature contains an abundance of ideas for designing consumer products that are less persistent in the outdoors environment, and this review will include insights into enhanced degradability designs.

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Section: Degradation By Far Uv-lightmentioning

confidence: 75%

Degradation of Cellulose Acetate-Based Materials: A Review

Puls¹,

Wilson

Hölter³

2010

J Polym Environ

536

321

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These findings thus challenge the paradigm set by NOAA, governmental agencies, and advocacy groups that CDA-based materials persist in the ocean for decades. , The time line of CDA biodegradation is inherently subject to variation depending on a number of factors not considered in this study. For example, increased surface area:volume ratios through disintegration and physical abrasion or photochemical alterations of CDA chemical compositions likely shorten lifetimes. − Moreover, considering other fates of CDA-C, such as incorporation into biomass or the production of metabolites, would shorten lifetimes. In contrast, the lifetimes of thicker CDA materials with lower surface area:volume ratios in colder, darker, and nutrient-limited waters are likely longer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Degradation of Cellulose Diacetate by Marine Microbes

Mazzotta

Reddy

Ward

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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The persistence of cellulose diacetate (CDA), a biobased plastic used in textiles and single-use consumer products, in the ocean is currently unknown. Here, we probe the disintegration and degradation of CDA-based materials (25 μm films, 510 μm foam, and 97 g/m 2 fabric) by marine microbes in a continuous flow seawater mesocosm. Photographic evidence and mass loss measurements demonstrate that CDA-based materials disintegrate in months. Disintegration is marked by the increasing esterase and cellulase activity of the biofilm community, suggesting that marine microbes degrade CDA. The natural abundance stable ( 13 C) and radiocarbon ( 14 C) isotopic signature of carbon dioxide respired during short-term bottle incubations confirms the rapid degradation of both acetyl and cellulosic components of CDA by seawater microbial communities. These findings challenge the paradigm set by governmental agencies and advocacy groups that CDA-based materials persist in the ocean for decades, and represent a positive step toward identifying highutility, biobased plastics with low environmental persistence.

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“…Although CA has good light stability, free radical generation in CA and photodegradation of CA under irradiation with ultraviolet have been reported in some literatures. [1][2][3] Hon has reported that ultraviolet exposure to CA fibers led to loss of sample weight and acetic acid content. 2 In our previous study using a xenon fadometer for light stability tests, however, CA films showed no detectable acetic acid generation or decrease in the molecular weight by photoirradiation for at least 28 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,8 Merlin and Fouassier reported the generation of free radicals by irradiation of ultraviolet to cellulosic materials including CA with or without photosensitizers, and assumed that the glycosidic scission and the hydrogen abstraction occurred. 3,9 However, the effectiveness of photosensitizers for the photodegradation of cellulose derivatives including CA under ambient environment has not been demonstrated since the previous studies intended to realize the degradation of cellulosic polymers during the photo-graft polymerization on the polymers using photosensitizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation of cellulose acetate film in the presence of benzophenone as a photosensitizer

Hosono

Kanazawa

Mori

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To study the effectiveness of photosensitizers to accelerate the degradation of cellulose acetate (CA) under ambient environment, CA (degree of substitution ¼ 2.45) films containing benzophenone, which is one of the typical photosensitizers, were prepared and their degradative behavior by photoirradiation was examined. Decrease in molecular weight of CA and generation of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and acetic acid from the CA films were observed by the irradiation of xenon arc lamp light, which was passed through a filter for cutting off the wavelength shorter than 275 nm. With increasing the concentration of benzophenone, the molecular weight of CA decreased and the generation of the degradation products from the CA films increased. These results may suggest that radical reactions of CA films proceed by photoirradiation and lead to oxidation and random cleavage of CA, and that benzophenone is an effective additive to accelerate the degradation of CA under ambient environment.

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Photochemical investigations into cellulosic materials, IV. Photosensitized free radical generation in cellulose acetate and oligosaccharide compounds

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Degradation of Cellulose Acetate-Based Materials: A Review

Degradation of Cellulose Acetate-Based Materials: A Review

Rapid Degradation of Cellulose Diacetate by Marine Microbes

Photodegradation of cellulose acetate film in the presence of benzophenone as a photosensitizer

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