“…Heterogeneous photocatalysis based on semiconductors represents a fascinating technique to achieve highly efficient solar energy conversion to chemical energy. The efficiency of solar energy conversion is heavily dependent upon light absorption, charge separation, migration, and recombination in photocatalysts, with an ideal photocatalyst excelling in all of these four aspects. , In recent years, worldwide efforts have been devoted to developing diverse strategies to fabricate efficient photocatalysts with high solar conversion efficiency. − Among which, Z-scheme photocatalytic systems have been gaining particular attention due to their great potential for mimicking the natural photosynthesis process. − Up to date, there have been primarily three categories of Z-scheme photosynthetic systems, including direct Z-scheme without an electron mediator, , Z-scheme with redox mediators in solution, , and three-component (3C) all-solid-state Z-scheme. , Particularly, 3C all-solid-state Z-scheme photocatalytic system demonstrates unique merits in facilitating the vectorial electron-transfer process and avoiding backward reactions involving redox mediators over its two counterparts, which endows it with more possibilities to alleviate the energy and environmental crises …”