Photochemical tissue bonding promotes the proliferation and migration of injured tenocytes through ROS/RhoA/NF‐κB/Dynamin 2 signaling pathway

Abstract

Photochemical tissue bonding (PTB) has been found to promote the healing of Achilles tendon tissue injury and to reduce postoperative complications. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not clear. In this study, the cell proliferation, ROS generation, migration and the protein expression of DNM2, NF-κB p65, TGF-β1 and VEGF in tenocytes after PTB treatment were measured by CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell and western blot assay, respectively. And those in tenocytes after DNM2 silencing or overexpressing or treatment with inhibitors of NF-κB, ROS and RhoA were also measured. Our results showed that 10 mW PTB treatment for 80 and 120 s significantly increased cell proliferation and increased ROS generation in tenocytes. 10 mW PTB treatment for 40 and 80 s significantly activated RhoA and increased the protein expression of DNM2, NF-κB p65, TGF-β1 and VEGF, but 10 mW PTB treatment for 120 s decreased the protein expression of those. DNM2 silencing significantly suppressed cell migration and the expression of DNM2, TGF-β1, and VEGF in tenocytes after PTB treatment (10 mW, 80 s), which was inhibited by DNM2 overexpression. Individual treatment with inhibitor of NF-κB, ROS, and RhoA in tenocytes showed decreased protein expression of DNM2, TGF-β1, and VEGF. Moreover, in vivo experiment found that PTB treatment significantly inhibited cell apoptosis and the expression of DNM2, NF-κB p65, RhoA, TGF-β1, and VEGF in a time-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggest that PTB promotes the proliferation and migration of injured tenocytes through ROS/RhoA/NF-κB/DNM2 signaling pathway.

Noninvasive Photochemical Sealing for Achilles Tendon Rupture by Combination of Upconversion Nanoparticles and Photochemical Tissue Bonding Technology

“…Moreover, the bioluminescence intensity for ROS in the UCNPs@RB-hydrogel+808 nm group decreased markedly over time. Our previous study showed that PTB treatment could significantly induce the generation of ROS and could promote cell proliferation and migration in tenocytes [26]. Thus, the effects of PTB or modified PTB with UCNPs might be attributed to the generation of ROS.…”

Effects of Low‐Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound in Tendon Injuries

“…32 The migration of tenocytes is a fundamental biological behavior and is a significant factor to promote tendon repair. 57 It has been demonstrated that pulsed ultrasound with a 20% duty cycle has been shown to promote tendon fibroblast migration in an intensitydependent manner with ultrasound intensities ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 W/cm 2 . Pulsed ultrasound-treated cells that had migrated through the filter were more likely to express alpha-smooth muscle actin than control cells.…”

Roles of Oxidative Stress in Acute Tendon Injury and Degenerative Tendinopathy—A Target for Intervention

“…The benefits might be related to the transient, but not excessive, generation of ROS in the early stage of tendon healing [ 124 ]. Similarly, photochemical tissue bonding treatment for the right treatment time was also reported to promote the proliferation and migration of injured tenocytes through increasing ROS production, possibly also not at the excessive level [ 125 ].…”