SummaryOn lrz,z*-excitation (22 347 nm; pentane) of the enonechromophore of 3, three different reactions are induced: (E/Z)-isomerization to give 13 (7%), isomerization by cleavage of the C(y)-C(6) bond to yield the bicyclic ether 14 (36%) and isomerization by cleavage of the C ( y ) -0 bond to give the cyclopentanones 15 (13%) and 16 (1 1% ; s. Scheme 2). On 'n, z*-excitation (A= 254 nm; acetonitrile) 13 (14%), 15 (6%), and 16 (6%) are formed, but no 14 is detected. In contrast, isomerization by cleavage of the C(6)-0 bond to give the cyclopentanone 17 (23%) is observed. The reaction 3 4 17 appears to be the consequence of an energy transfer from the excited enone chromophore to the cyclohexanone chromophore, which then undergoes B-cleavage. Irradiation of 4 with light of A = 254 nm (pentane) yields the analogous products 20 (18%), 21 (9%)), 22 (7%), and 24 (7%; s. Scheme 2). Selective h,z*-excitation (2 2 280 nm) of the cyclohexanone chromophore of 4 induces isomerization by cleavage of the C (6)-0 bond to give the cyclopentanones 23 (9%) and 24 (44%). Triplet-sensitization of 4 by excited acetophenone induces (EI2)-isomerization to provide 20 (12%) and isomerization by cleavage of the C(y)-0 bond to yield 21 (26%) and 22 (20%), but no isomerization via cleavage of the C(6)-0 bond.It has been shown, that the presence of the eketo group facilitates C(y)-C(G) bond cleavage to give a bicyclic ether 14, but hinders the epoxy-en-carbonyl compounds 3 and 4 from undergoing cycloeliminations.The activation parameters of the valence isomerization 13 -+ 18, a thermal process, have been determined in polar and non-polar solvents by analysing the 'H-NMR. signal intensities. The rearrangement proceeds faster in polar solvents, where the entropy of activation is about -20 e.u. Opening of the epoxide ring and formation of the furan ring are probably concerted.
SummaryOn lrz,z*-excitation (22 347 nm; pentane) of the enonechromophore of 3, three different reactions are induced: (E/Z)-isomerization to give 13 (7%), isomerization by cleavage of the C(y)-C(6) bond to yield the bicyclic ether 14 (36%) and isomerization by cleavage of the C ( y ) -0 bond to give the cyclopentanones 15 (13%) and 16 (1 1% ; s. Scheme 2). On 'n, z*-excitation (A= 254 nm; acetonitrile) 13 (14%), 15 (6%), and 16 (6%) are formed, but no 14 is detected. In contrast, isomerization by cleavage of the C(6)-0 bond to give the cyclopentanone 17 (23%) is observed. The reaction 3 4 17 appears to be the consequence of an energy transfer from the excited enone chromophore to the cyclohexanone chromophore, which then undergoes B-cleavage. Irradiation of 4 with light of A = 254 nm (pentane) yields the analogous products 20 (18%), 21 (9%)), 22 (7%), and 24 (7%; s. Scheme 2). Selective h,z*-excitation (2 2 280 nm) of the cyclohexanone chromophore of 4 induces isomerization by cleavage of the C (6)-0 bond to give the cyclopentanones 23 (9%) and 24 (44%). Triplet-sensitization of 4 by excited acetophenone induces (EI2)-isomerization to provide 20 (12%) and isomerization by cleavage of the C(y)-0 bond to yield 21 (26%) and 22 (20%), but no isomerization via cleavage of the C(6)-0 bond.It has been shown, that the presence of the eketo group facilitates C(y)-C(G) bond cleavage to give a bicyclic ether 14, but hinders the epoxy-en-carbonyl compounds 3 and 4 from undergoing cycloeliminations.The activation parameters of the valence isomerization 13 -+ 18, a thermal process, have been determined in polar and non-polar solvents by analysing the 'H-NMR. signal intensities. The rearrangement proceeds faster in polar solvents, where the entropy of activation is about -20 e.u. Opening of the epoxide ring and formation of the furan ring are probably concerted.
tionsprodukte des Acetons entstehen. Da die Gasentwicklung wahrend der Reaktionjedoch sehr gering ist' kann angenommen werden, daB tatsachlich annahernd 98 % der Cellulose[4] Y Rabinsohn, A.
In diesem Aufsatz werden die zahlreichen, haufig nur in der Originalliteratur genannten intramolekularen Reaktionen elektronisch angeregter Benzolderivategeordnet nach Reaktionstypensystematisch analysiert. Es konnen alle bekannten Reaktionstypen beriicksichtigt werden. Sie gliedern sich in Reaktionen des Benzolrings (Ionisierung, Ringoffnung, Ringveranderung), Reaktionen mit Seitenkettenbeteiligung (a-, @-, y-Spaltungen, Homolyse, Heterolyse), Reaktionen von Substituenten mit Seitenketten (Cyclisierung, Entalkylierung, Schutzgruppenabspaltung) und Reaktionen von Seitenketten mit dem aromatischen Ring (Substitution, Addition, Entaromatisierung, Cyclisierung). Die Wahl zwischen energetisch moglichen konkurrierenden Reaktionen wird iiberwiegend von geometrischen Faktoren bestimmt. Die Anwendungen der empirischen Effekte in der praparativen Chemie sind sehr vielseitig. Zahlreiche hier besprochene Reaktionen werden bereits industriell ausgewertet (2. B. in der Photochromie, UV-Stabilisierung, Photographie, Informationsspeicherung, Druck-, Lackierungs-und Polymertechnologie sowie Pharmazie).
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