Photochemistry of nitrite and nitrate in aqueous solution: a review

Mack, John; Bolton, James R.

doi:10.1016/s1010-6030(99)00155-0

Cited by 950 publications

(712 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The water pH in the Rhône delta (river, paddy fields, ditches and lagoons) is between 6.8 and 8.3, which excludes a significant role of thermal nitration by HNO 2 . The nitration of aromatic compounds by nitrate, nitrite, and nitrate + nitrite upon irradiation under circumneutral conditions is accounted for by photogenerated • NO 2 (Machado and Boule 1995;Dzengel et al 1999;Mack and Bolton 1999;Minero et al 2007a):…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and field evidence of the photonitration of 4-chlorophenol to 2-nitro-4-chlorophenol and of the associated bicarbonate effect

Maddigapu

Vione

Ravizzoli

et al. 2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and field evidence of the photonitration of 4-chlorophenol to 2-nitro-4-chlorophenol and of the associated bicarbonate effect

Maddigapu

Vione

Ravizzoli

et al. 2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Since air is constantly pulled through the manifold, HNO 3 would accumulate on the inlet wall surface over time, to form a layer of hydrated HNO 3 . When exposed to sunlight, the highly concentrated HNO 3 absorbs the UV portion of the sunlight transmitted through Pyrex glass (UV cutoff wavelength $290 nm) and undergoes photolysis: In the actinic region of solar radiation, NO 2 is the dominant primary product of HNO 3 photolysis, with a quantum yield of near unity in the gas-phase [Atkinson et al, 1992] and a NO 2 :HNO 2 yield ratio of about 9:1 in aqueous solutions [Mack and Bolton, 1999]. The relative importance of R4 and R5 is still unknown for adsorbed HNO 3 photolysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical production of nitrous acid on glass sample manifold surface

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2002

Geophysical Research Letters

124

134

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[1] Significant production of HONO was observed on glass sample manifold wall surface when exposed to sunlight during the PROPHET 2000 summer measurement intensive. It is hypothesized that the artifact HONO was produced by photolysis of adsorbed nitric acid/nitrate on the manifold wall surfaces followed by the subsequent reaction of produced NO 2 and adsorbed H 2 O on surface. This observation suggests against the use of an unshielded glass manifold as a sampling inlet for the measurement of atmospheric HONO. It may also have some implications in interpreting field NO x data measured using similar glass inlet manifolds, especially from the clean remote environments where NO x is low and HNO 3 is a major fraction of NO y .

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“…The interaction of ion and solvent creates a strong temperature dependence (Jortner et al 1964). Nitrate, on the other hand, has no discernable temperature dependence because its absorption is due to a π→π* transition that occurs entirely within the molecule (Mack and Bolton 1999). The relatively larger scatter in the nitrate absorbance is probably due to the wider wavelength range used.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved algorithm for the computation of nitrate concentrations in seawater using an in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer

Sakamoto

Johnson

Coletti

2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

121

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Improvements in the data processing algorithm and calibration procedures have greatly increased the accuracy of nitrate measurements using an in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer (ISUS). Two major changes in the algorithm involve application of a temperature-dependent correction to the bromide spectrum and then using the observed temperature and salinity to subtract the bromide component before fitting nitrate. By reducing the degrees of freedom in calculating nitrate concentrations, the accuracy of the ISUS instrument is substantially improved. The new algorithm was tested in environments ranging from the Southern Ocean to oligotrophic eastern Pacific seawater and found to be applicable at all temperatures and depths. The standard error of the estimate for regression between ISUS nitrate values and discrete samples measured by standard wet chemistry methods for the combined data set is reduced by greater than 2-fold (1.4 down to 0.65 µM) using the new algorithm. This corresponds to a 5-fold reduction in variance (2.0 down to 0.4 µM 2 ). Although biofouling and calibration drift remain issues for any instrument deployed in situ for long periods of time, using the measured salinity and temperature to correct the ultraviolet spectra before the nitrate calculations will reduce the impacts of these confounding processes.

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Photochemistry of nitrite and nitrate in aqueous solution: a review

Cited by 950 publications

References 124 publications

Laboratory and field evidence of the photonitration of 4-chlorophenol to 2-nitro-4-chlorophenol and of the associated bicarbonate effect

Laboratory and field evidence of the photonitration of 4-chlorophenol to 2-nitro-4-chlorophenol and of the associated bicarbonate effect

Photochemical production of nitrous acid on glass sample manifold surface

Improved algorithm for the computation of nitrate concentrations in seawater using an in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer

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