Photochromic/electrochromic strain sensor with a fast and reversible light-printing ability

Abstract

The excessive use of paper causes serious resource consumption and environmental pollution. Environmentally friendly light printing based on a photochromic system with the advantages of being noncontact, rapid, and inkless...

A Series of POM–Viologen Photo-/Electrochromic Hybrids and Hydrogels Acting as Multifunctional Sensors for Detecting UV, Hg2+, and Organic Amines

“…As a new kind of intelligent material, photochromic materials have important applications in the fields of information encryption, 1 optical information storage, 2 photoelectric materials, 3 optical switches, 4 and optical devices. 5 Electrondeficient viologen derivatives (1,1′-disubstituted 4,4′-bipyridiniums), as good photochromic materials, are widely used in ink-free erasable printing, UV detection, and other fields.…”

“…As a new kind of intelligent material, photochromic materials have important applications in the fields of information encryption, optical information storage, photoelectric materials, optical switches, and optical devices . Electron-deficient viologen derivatives (1,1′-disubstituted 4,4′-bipyridiniums), as good photochromic materials, are widely used in ink-free erasable printing, UV detection, and other fields. − It is because of its electron-deficient nature that it can form charge transfer complexes with electron-rich species and has the redox capability of reversible electron transfer under the stimulation of an external environment, such as light. − Therefore, the combination of viologen and multielectron species can construct more color-changing materials with excellent properties.…”

Wearable electrochromic materials and devices: from visible to infrared modulation

“…[1][2][3][4] As an important function, the optical modulation of wearable devices has attracted wide attention, [5][6][7][8] and enables smart colour change in the visible range and radiative regulation in the infrared range, promising diverse applications in displays, camouflage, visual sensation, and thermal management. [9][10][11][12][13] For instance, colour-changing displays have eye-friendly features due to the subtractive colour mode (light-absorbing mode), which avoids the radiation damage from the blue light of typical lamination devices to human eyes and enables a comfortable reading experience. 14 Simple sensing platforms are highly expected through the combination of the analytical performance of sensors with the colour changes read out by the naked eye, which provide speed, portability, low cost, and ease of use and are ideal candidates for point-of-care applications.…”

Recent advances in the construction and application of stretchable PEDOT smart electronic membranes

“…23 As a commercialized CP, the development of various stretchable and smart electronics based on PEDOT:PSS membranes has broad application prospects. 24,25 Stretchable electronic products need to have micro-nano hierarchical structures and match interface interactions according to materials. 26 Currently used stretchable materials include polymer gels, 27 polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), 28 and polymer elastomers.…”

“…23 As a commercialized CP, the development of various stretchable and smart electronics based on PEDOT:PSS membranes has broad application prospects. 24,25…”