Photochromic spiro-indoline naphthoxazines and naphthopyrans in dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract

Photochromic dyes possess unique properties that can be exploited in different domains. Here, we investigate the potential of spiro-indoline naphthopyran and spiro-indoline naphthoxazine dyes in photovoltaics.

Recent progress in polyoxometalate–viologen photochromic hybrids: structural design, photochromic mechanism, and applications

“…As a new type of intelligent material, photochromic materials have been widely used in dyes, glasses, inks etc. [127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141] However, the exploration of photochromic materials should not be confined only to their color-changing properties, so in recent years, combining the photochromic phenomenon with other properties to explore new multifunctional materials has attracted a lot of attention.…”

Photoswitchable Photochromic Chelating Spironaphthoxazines: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, Quantum-Chemical Calculations, and Complexation Ability

“…Spirooxazines represent an important class of organic photochromic compounds that have attracted considerable attention from researchers due to their remarkable properties, such as photofatigue resistance, strong photocoloration, and fast thermal relaxation . Accordingly, they have application in advanced technologies, such as, e.g., photocontrollable light filters and optical devices, photochromic plastics and liquid crystals, photochromic substances in tunable lenses, dynamic biosensors and bioelectronical materials, and smart materials for memory devices . Because their molecular architecture can be easily tuned (as with spiropyranesthe other large family of photochromic spiro compounds and advanced photoswitchable materials), spirooxazines have been used to develop molecular switches and logic gates as well as to prepare optical probes, photocontrollable smart receptors, and multifunctional stimuli-responsive polymers .…”

Enhancing Undergraduate Research Experience through Synthesis and Photovoltaic Applications of Photochromic Organic Sensitizers

“…3 One approach is to focus on the development of photochromic photosensitive dyes that can alter the performance of the solar cell. These dyes include the bisthienylethene (BTE), 4 diphenyl-naphthopyran, 5 azobenzene, 6 spiro-indoline naphthoxazines and naphthopyrans, 7 naphthopyran, 8 and spiropyrans and spirooxazine 9 the open-circuit voltage (V oc ). 5 Moreover, the absorption spectrum or color of the isomers changes, which ultimately affects the short-circuit current density (J sc ).…”

“…3 One approach is to focus on the development of photochromic photosensitive dyes that can alter the performance of the solar cell. These dyes include the bisthienylethene (BTE), 4 diphenyl-naphthopyran, 5 azobenzene, 6 spiro-indoline naphthoxazines and naphthopyrans, 7 naphthopyran, 8 and spiropyrans and spirooxazine 9 groups. They have two isomers: open and closed forms, which have different molecular conjugations that affect the recombination kinetics and alter the open-circuit voltage (V oc ).…”