Photodecomposition of methyl iodide as pretreatment for adsorption of radioiodine species in used nuclear fuel recycling operations

Stanford, John P.; Rooyen, Nicolene van; Vaidya, Tejaswini; Raja, Krishnan S.; Sabharwall, Piyush; Utgikar, Vivek

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.125730

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Radioactive iodine is considered to be one of the most dangerous radioactive elements, and it can be released when a nuclear accident occurs. − 125 I, 129 I, and 131 I are the three most representative radioactive isotopes of iodine from nuclear fuel reprocessing. − Among them, 129 I has raised many concerns due to its very long half-life (1.7 × 10 7 years). , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth Coordinates with Iodine Atoms to Form Chemical Bonds for Existing Stabilization in Boron Glass

et al. 2022

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Stabilizing radioactive iodine in boron glass for disposal was the ultimate goal of this study. In this study, bismuth was used near a monument. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that bismuth could remarkably stabilize iodine atoms in boron glass (only 3.74% of the mass was lost at 850 °C). Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry images showed that most of the AgI was uniformly immobilized in the glass network. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and NMR results confirmed the change in the coordination number of boron in the samples. The density functional theory calculation helped to understand the reason for the stable presence of iodine in boron glass. Iodine atoms were difficult to bond directly with boron atoms but tended to bond with bismuth atoms. From the spatial distribution of the structural molecular orbitals, it was observed that the bismuth atom releases electrons when stimulated, and the iodine atom needs to gain an electron to reach stability. At a low treatment temperature of 550 °C, the maximum density of the immobilized sample containing bismuth is 2.42 g·cm–3, and its iodine leaching rate at day 7 can be as low as 3.77 × 10–6 g·m–2·d–1. This study provides a way to improve the properties of boron glass microscopically in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth Coordinates with Iodine Atoms to Form Chemical Bonds for Existing Stabilization in Boron Glass

et al. 2022

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“…It is far more difficult to remove organic iodide compounds through adsorption than it is to remove molecular iodine. Therefore, we propose decomposing the organic iodide to liberate molecular iodine from it before feeding the off-gas stream to an adsorption column to facilitate the capture of radioiodine from the off-gas stream. − This also paves the path for a more sustainable and greener nuclear energy production using spent uranium. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations into Plasma-Mediated Decomposition of Organoiodide Species as a Pretreatment for Mitigation of Radioiodine Emissions

Balumuru

Stanford

Raja

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A plasma-mediated pretreatment step is proposed to decompose methyl iodide (CH 3 I) for facilitating the capture of the iodine radioisotopes present in off-gas streams from used nuclear fuel reprocessing operations. Simulated CH 3 I gas streams were exposed to dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in a quartz glass continuous-flow reactor using copper electrodes. The kinetics of decomposition of CH 3 I in nitrogen was investigated by varying the applied voltage, inlet concentration, and residence time. The rate of decomposition was proportional to CH 3 I concentration and increased as the applied potential was increased. This effect was incorporated in the kinetics through the dependence of the rate constant on the applied electric field. Decomposition of CH 3 I was not affected by moisture, and the DBD pretreatment is likely to be similarly effective in an air environment as well; however, the results were confounded by a plasma-mediated reaction between nitrogen and oxygen.

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Recyclable Robust Plastic Scintillation Resin Achieving the Exceptional Separation and Detection of Technetium‐99

Liu,

Hu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Rapid detection and absorption of 99TcO4⁻ contamination in the environment are critical due to its high radioactivity, long half‐life, and significant environmental mobility. Resins have been demonstrated effective bifunctional properties for both the detection and separation of 99TcO4⁻. However, the poor stability of these compounds limits their practical application. Here, a chemical grafting strategy is presented to synthesize ultra‐stable plastic scintillation resin, in which 4‐vinylpyridine and divinylbenzene are cross‐linked as matrix polymer to withstand extreme conditions and a fluorophore “shield” to convert beta radiation into detectable signals. As expected, the as‐obtained resin exhibits a high adsorption capacity of 549.2 mg g⁻¹ for 99TcO4⁻ with a rapid kinetic response of just 10 min as well as superior selectivity at 1000 times excess of interfering ions and full reusability. Moreover, it showed remarkable stability under 800 kGy, 3.0 mol L−1 HNO3 or 2.5 L solution continuous leaching, consistently maintaining high separation and detection efficiency after recycling 10 times. This strategy paves a new way to develop stable resin for the rapid capture and accurate measurement of 99TcO4⁻, which owns great potential for practical application.

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Photodecomposition of methyl iodide as pretreatment for adsorption of radioiodine species in used nuclear fuel recycling operations

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Bismuth Coordinates with Iodine Atoms to Form Chemical Bonds for Existing Stabilization in Boron Glass

Bismuth Coordinates with Iodine Atoms to Form Chemical Bonds for Existing Stabilization in Boron Glass

Investigations into Plasma-Mediated Decomposition of Organoiodide Species as a Pretreatment for Mitigation of Radioiodine Emissions

Recyclable Robust Plastic Scintillation Resin Achieving the Exceptional Separation and Detection of Technetium‐99

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