Photodegradation of PAHs in passive water samplers

Allan, Ian; Christensen, Guttorm; Bæk, Kine; Evenset, Anita

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.018

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The latter indicates that the sampling design limits photodegradation of PAHs on passive samplers which is a potential issue discussed in literature. [57][58][59] If photodegradation was causing signicant loss of PAHs from PE, we would expect a correlation to solar radiation leading to faster losses of the PRC and thus (articially) thinner air-side boundary layer in summer, which was not the case. Since Phe and Ant differ signicantly in their photosensitivity, [58][59][60] the agreement in d g calculated using either Ant-D 10 loss or Phe uptake also indicates that photodegradation of PAHs on PE was not relevant.…”

Section: Air-side Boundary Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique calibration of passive air sampling for field monitoring of PAHs with polyethylene thin films across seasons and locations

Meierdierks

Zarfl

Beckingham

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci.: Atmos.

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Section: Air-side Boundary Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique calibration of passive air sampling for field monitoring of PAHs with polyethylene thin films across seasons and locations

Meierdierks

Zarfl

Beckingham

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci.: Atmos.

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“…including the effects of photodegradation of HOCs within SPMDs [163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170]. Remobilization of HOCs from sediment to aqueous phases has been tested in field and laboratory exposures [171][172][173].…”

Section: Chemical Speciation Distribution and Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications for Passive Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Water—A Review

Taylor

Fones

Vrana

et al. 2019

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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We comprehensively review the current state-of-the-art of environmental monitoring for hydrophobic organic contaminants in aqueous matrices using passive sampling devices. Principles of the theory of passive sampling are presented. Strategies for passive sampler design and operation, limitations in performance and data quality-assurance and quality-control are reviewed. Advances in applications of available passive sampling devices are extensively critiqued. Future trends and current challenges facing practitioners and barriers to further adoption of the devices are discussed.

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“…A further explanation for the reduced bioavailability of phenanthrene in sludges and historically contaminated soils and sediments is the increasing prevalence of pyrogenic (soot-associated) material in these matrices [40]. Extensive literature has documented exceptionally strong binding and low bioaccessibility of phenanthrene associated with urban soot and char [97,[109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116]. For example, Jonker et al [113] estimated that 20 to 116 years would be required to desorb 99% of the bound phenanthrene on various sources of soot, under environmental conditions.…”

Section: Experimental Data For the Soil Compartmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a chemical be both readily biodegradable AND very persistent (vP)? Weight-of-evidence determination demonstrates that phenanthrene is not persistent in the environment

et al. 2020

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Under the European REACH regulation, chemicals are assessed for persistence as part of weight-of-evidence determinations of persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT), as required under Annex XIII and supported by an Integrated Assessment and Testing Strategy (ITS). This study describes the persistence assessment of phenanthrene, a data-rich polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), in accordance with this framework. All available data from screening and simulation tests, for water, soil and sediment compartments, plus other relevant information, have been compiled. These have been evaluated for reliability and relevance, and a weight-of-evidence determination of persistence has been carried out. Aspects relevant to the assessment, such as degradation metabolites, non-extractable residues (NER), test temperature and bioavailability, have also been considered. The resulting assessment considered a wide range of evidence, including 101 experimental data points. Phenanthrene was demonstrated to be readily biodegradable, a first-tier screen for non-persistence in the ITS. Furthermore, weight-of-evidence assessment of data for water, soil and sediment compartments supported a conclusion of “not persistent” (not P). In non-standard soil studies with sludge-amended soils, longer half-lives were observed. This was attributable to pyrogenic sources of and significantly reduced bioavailability of phenanthrene, highlighting the importance of bioavailability as a major source of variability in persistence data. Available simulation test data for the sediment compartment were found to be unreliable due to the anoxic impact of the use of a biodegradable solvent in a closed system, and were inconsistent with the broader weight of evidence. Estimation of photodegradation using AOPWIN and the APEX model demonstrated this to be an important fate process not currently considered in persistence assessments under REACH. The assessment is not in agreement with a recent regulatory decision in which phenanthrene was determined to be very persistent (vP). This assessment provides a case study for persistence assessment using the REACH ITS and highlights the need for improved guidance to improve consistency and predictability of assessments. This is particularly important for complex cases with data-rich chemicals, such as phenanthrene.

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Photodegradation of PAHs in passive water samplers

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Unique calibration of passive air sampling for field monitoring of PAHs with polyethylene thin films across seasons and locations

Unique calibration of passive air sampling for field monitoring of PAHs with polyethylene thin films across seasons and locations

Applications for Passive Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Water—A Review

Can a chemical be both readily biodegradable AND very persistent (vP)? Weight-of-evidence determination demonstrates that phenanthrene is not persistent in the environment

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