Photodegradation of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: A review

Boreen, Anne L.; Arnold, William A.; McNeill, Kristopher

doi:10.1007/s00027-003-0672-7

Cited by 425 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…However, in surface waters they may be degraded through different processes such as photolysis whose efficiency depends on factors such as intensity of solar irradiation, latitude, season of the year and presence of photosensitizes (e.g. nitrates, humic acids) [50,51].…”

Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

Santos

Araújo

Fachini

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

1,304

533

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Pharmaceuticals are biologically active and persistent substances which have been recognized as a con-tinuing threat to environmental stability. Chronic ecotoxicity data as well as information on the current distribution levels in different environmental compartments continue to be sparse and are focused on those therapeutic classes that are more frequently prescribed and consumed. Nevertheless, they indicate the negative impact that these chemical contaminants may have on living organisms, ecosystems and ultimately, public health. This article reviews the different contamination sources as well as fate and both acute and chronic effects on nontarget organisms. An extensive review of existing data in the form of tables, encompassing many therapeutic classes is presented.Keywords: Pharmaceuticals, Sources, Environmental fate, Ecotoxicological effects

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Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

Santos

Araújo

Fachini

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

1,304

533

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, indirect photolysis occurs with the generation of free radicals such as hydroxyl radicals (OHÁ), peroxyl radicals (ROOÁ), and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) produced during sunlight illumination. Free radicals are generated with the presence of photosensitizer such as chromophoric dissolved organic matters (CDOMs), NO 3 -, carbonate, and certain metal ions (Boreen et al 2003). Indirect photolysis are generally more important for the overall fate of PPCPs in natural waters and wastewater due to the ubiquitous presence of photosensitizers, especially for those without significant absorption of light above 290 nm (Challis et al 2014).…”

Section: Photodegradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from wastewater using algae-based technologies: a review

Wang

Liu

et al. 2017

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

150

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Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) consist of a variety of compounds extensively used for the treatment of human and animal diseases and for health or cosmetic reasons. PPCPs are considered as emerging environmental contaminants due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and high environmental risks. In wastewater treatment plants using conventional activated sludge processes, many PPCPs cannot be efficiently removed. Therefore, there is an increasing need for more effective and cost-efficiency ways of removing PPCPs while treating wastewater. Algae-based technologies have recently attracted growing attentions for their potential application in wastewater treatment and hazardous contaminant removal, which are advantages in reducing operation cost while generating valuable products and sequestrating greenhouse gases at the same time. This work reviews the up-to date researches to reveal potential toxic effects of PPCPs on algae and algae-bacteria consortia, identify mechanisms involved in PPCP removal, and assess the fate of PPCPs in algae-based treatment systems. Current researches suggest that algae and algae-bacteria consortia have great potentials in PPCP removal but more works are required before algae-based technologies can be implemented in large scales. Knowledge gaps are identified and further research focuses are proposed in this review.

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“…However, concentrations involved are much higher than those found in environmental waters. Organic compounds that occur in aqueous environments can be transformed by a variety of abiotic and biological pathways, among which direct photochemistry and photogenerated reactive species such as hydroxyl radical ( • OH), carbonate radical (CO 3 •− ), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) and triplet states of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter ( 3 CDOM*) (Mack and Bolton, 1999;Canonica et al, 1995 andCanonica and Freiburghaus, 2001;Gerecke et al, 2001;Boreen et al, 2003;Page et al, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical processes involving the UV absorber benzophenone-4 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic acid) in aqueous solution: Reaction pathways and implications for surface waters

et al. 2013

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processes involving the UV absorber benzophenone-4 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic acid) in aqueous solution. Reaction pathways and implications for surface waters. Wat. Res. 2013, 47, 5943-5953. DOI: 10.1016/j.waters.2013 You may download, copy and otherwise use the AAM for non-commercial purposes provided that your license is limited by the following restrictions:(1) You may use this AAM for non-commercial purposes only under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license.(2) The integrity of the work and identification of the author, copyright owner, and publisher must be preserved in any copy. AbstractThe sunlight filter benzophenone-4 (BP-4) is present in surface waters as two prevailing forms, the singly deprotonated (HA − ) and the doubly deprotonated one (A 2− ), with pK a2 = 7.30±0.14 (µ±σ, by dissociation of the phenolic group). In freshwater environments, BP-4 would mainly undergo degradation by reaction with • OH and direct photolysis. The form HA − has a second-order reaction rate constant with • OH ( OH k • ) of (1.87±0.31)⋅10 10 M −1 s −1 and direct photolysis quantum yield Φ equal to (3.2±0.6)⋅10 −5 . The form A 2− has (8.46±0.24)⋅10 9 M −1 s −1 as the reaction rate constant with • OH and (7.0±1.3)⋅10 −5 as the photolysis quantum yield. The direct photolysis of HA − likely proceeds via homolytic breaking of the O-H bond of the phenolic group to give the corresponding phenoxy radical, as suggested by laser flash photolysis experiments. Photochemical modelling shows that because of more efficient direct photolysis (due to both higher sunlight absorption and higher photolysis quantum yield), the A 2− form can be degraded up to 3 times faster than HA − in surface waters. An exception is represented by low-DOC (dissolved organic carbon) conditions, where the • OH reaction dominates degradation and the transformation kinetics of HA − is faster compared to A 2− . The half-life time of BP-4 in mid-latitude summertime would be in the range of days to weeks, depending on the environmental conditions. BP-4 also reacts with Br 2 −• , and a rate constant

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Photodegradation of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: A review

Cited by 425 publications

References 229 publications

Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from wastewater using algae-based technologies: a review

Photochemical processes involving the UV absorber benzophenone-4 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic acid) in aqueous solution: Reaction pathways and implications for surface waters

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