Photodegradation of selected phthalates on mural painting surfaces under UV light irradiation

Abstract

The esters of phthalic acid are considered as hazardous pollutants due to their mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and are also classified as endocrine disruptor chemicals. Several compounds of this class of substances for decades, and probably even now, were used as softeners in water-based synthetic paintings. Surfaces and structures, such as house walls painted with phthalates based paintings, can be a concern to construction workers engaged in demolition, restore and paint removal activities if they are not protected from hazardous dust inhalation. In this paper we report the results of an investigation about phthalate ester degradation by direct UV irradiation at 254 nm. The results of kinetic parameters for PAE photodegradation are reported and it shows that k values for the single PAEs ranged from 0.221 to 0.737 h −1 . Moreover, the results indicate that photolysis is a successful way to remediate PEAs contaminated on mural painting.

Reliable quantification of phthalates in environmental matrices (air, water, sludge, sediment and soil): A review

“…Not chemically but only physically bound to the polymeric matrix, PAEs can easily be released into the environment directly and/or indirectly, during manufacture, use, and disposal (Cadogan et al, 1993). PAEs can be eliminated from several environmental matrices by different biotic and abiotic pathways and are not expected to be highly persistent in most media (Barreca et al, 2014;Cartwright et al, 2000;Yuan et al, 2010). However, their extensive use and permanent emissions have resulted in their ubiquitous presence in the environment.…”

Environmental fate of selected micropollutants

“…Wartości dopuszczalne zostały również ustanowione przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia (WHO) w wodzie słodkiej i do picia na poziomie 8,0 μg•l -1 DEHP. Niektóre kraje, takie jak USA, Australia, Japonia i Nowa Zelandia, zalecaną maksymalną zawartość DEHP w wodzie pitnej ustaliły indywidualnie (odpowiednio 6,0 μg Wprowadzanie dopuszczalnych wartości jest w pełni uzasadnione również ze względu na łatwe rozpraszanie się ftalanów w środowisku w trakcie produkcji, użytkowania i po likwidacji produktów polimerowych [4,19]. Dostępne dane literaturowe wskazują, że stężenia PAEs w atmosferze mieszczą się w zakresie od 0,0003 do 0,077 μg•l -1 , zwykle na obszarach miejskich i podmiejskich są one wyższe w porównaniu z terenami wiejskimi.…”

Simple and rapid determination of phthalates using microextraction by packed sorbent and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry quantification in cold drink and cosmetic samples

“…This leads to their bioaccumulation in tissues and then transfer through food chain. These are ubiquitously found in the environment being added by anthropogenic activities . PAEs have gained concern of scientific community, regulatory agencies, and the general public due to their high production, widespread use in daily products and cumulative effect.…”

“…PAEs have gained concern of scientific community, regulatory agencies, and the general public due to their high production, widespread use in daily products and cumulative effect. They adversely affect human health as they possess endocrine disrupting properties resulting in carcinogenic effects, metabolic disorders, developmental and reproductive effects . Most PAEs are semivolatile, thermostable highly hydrophobic nonpolar compounds with low solubility .…”