Photodynamic Antifungal Activity of Hypocrellin A Against Candida albicans

Yang, Yunhai; Wang, Chenglu; Zhuge, Yingzhi; Zhang, Jian; Xu, Ke; Zhang, Qilu; Zhang, Haijuan; Chen, Haiyan; Chu, Maoping; Jia, Chang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01810

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Some studies have shown the fungicidal effect of photodynamic therapy against T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes using CO 2 (De Oliveira et al, 2015) and toluidine (Baltazar et al, 2013), as well as with hypericin, hypocrillin, and curcumin as photosensitizers against Candida spp. ( Davies et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2019). Cyclic chalcones have significant characteristics for effects in PDT (Melo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2-Hydroxychalcone as a Potent Compound and Photosensitizer Against Dermatophyte Biofilms

Bila

Costa-Orlandi

Vaso

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Dermatophytes, fungi that cause dermatophytosis, can invade keratinized tissues in humans and animals. The biofilm-forming ability of these fungi was described recently, and it may be correlated with the long treatment period and common recurrences of this mycosis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-dermatophytic and anti-biofilm activity of 2-hydroxychalcone (2-chalcone) in the dark and photodynamic therapy (PDT)-mediated and to determine its mechanism of action. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains were used in the study. The antifungal susceptibility test of planktonic cells, early-stage biofilms, and mature biofilms were performed using colorimetric methods. Topographies were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human skin keratinocyte (HaCat) monolayers were also used in the cytotoxicity assays. The mechanisms of action of 2-chalcone in the dark and under photoexcitation were investigated using confocal microscopy and the quantification of ergosterol, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and death induction by apoptosis/necrosis. All strains, in the planktonic form, were inhibited after treatment with 2-chalcone (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 7.8-15.6 mg/L), terbinafine (TRB) (MIC = 0.008–0.03 mg/L), and fluconazole (FLZ) (1–512 mg/L). Early-stage biofilm and mature biofilms were inhibited by 2-chalcone at concentrations of 15.6 mg/L and 31.2 mg/L in all tested strains. However, mature biofilms were resistant to all the antifungal drugs tested. When planktonic cells and biofilms (early-stage and mature) were treated with 2-chalcone-mediated PDT, the inhibitory concentrations were reduced by four times (2–7.8 mg/L). SEM images of biofilms treated with 2-chalcone showed cell wall collapse, resulting from a probable extravasation of cytoplasmic content. The toxicity of 2-chalcone in HaCat cells showed higher IC50 values in the dark than under photoexcitation. Further, 2-chalcone targets ergosterol in the cell and promotes the generation of ROS, resulting in cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. Overall, 2-chalcone-mediated PDT is a promising and safe drug candidate against dermatophytes, particularly in anti-biofilm treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2-Hydroxychalcone as a Potent Compound and Photosensitizer Against Dermatophyte Biofilms

Bila

Costa-Orlandi

Vaso

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…In the wound infection area, a decrease in the CFU of yeast was noted. Authors explained such phenomenon by immune response reported before activation [251]. Jan et al evaluated 60 as a PS against yeast.…”

Section: Other Photosensitizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These compounds are perylenequinone dyes derived from Hypocrella bambusae [250]. Yang et al studied 59 as a candidate for a PS for C. albicans combat [251]. Furthermore, 59 is known as an efficient producer of ROS including singlet oxygen, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals [5].…”

Section: Other Photosensitizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi

Ziental

Mlynarczyk

Czarczyńska-Goślińska

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Superficial and systemic fungal infections are essential problems for the modern health care system. One of the challenges is the growing resistance of fungi to classic antifungals and the constantly increasing cost of therapy. These factors force the scientific world to intensify the search for alternative and more effective methods of treatment. This paper presents an overview of new fungal inactivation methods using Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). The results of research on compounds from the groups of phenothiazines, xanthanes, porphyrins, chlorins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines are presented. An intensive search for a photosensitizer with excellent properties is currently underway. The formulation based on the existing ones is also developed by combining them with nanoparticles and common antifungal therapy. Numerous studies indicate that fungi do not form any specific defense mechanism against PACT, which deems it a promising therapeutic alternative.

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“…Yang et al [56] investigated aPDT with hypocrellin A (HA). This PS compound displayed effective antimicrobial activity when irradiation was adequate irradiation.…”

Section: Natural Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in the Management of Candidiasis

Rodríguez-Cerdeira

Martínez‐Herrera

Fabbrocini

et al. 2021

JoF

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The most important aetiological agent of opportunistic mycoses worldwide is Candida spp. These yeasts can cause severe infections in the host, which may be fatal. Isolates of Candida albicans occur with greater frequency and variable resistance patterns. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recognised as an alternative treatment to kill pathogenic microorganisms. PDT utilises a photosensitizer, which is activated at a specific wavelength and oxygen concentration. Their reaction yields reactive oxygen species that kill the infectious microorganism. A systematic review of new applications of PDT in the management of candidiasis was performed. Of the 222 studies selected for in-depth screening, 84 were included in this study. All the studies reported the antifungal effectiveness, toxicity and dosimetry of treatment with antimicrobial PDT (aPDT) with different photosensitizers against Candida spp. The manuscripts that are discussed reveal the breadth of the new applications of aPDT against Candida spp., which are resistant to common antifungals. aPDT has superior performance compared to conventional antifungal therapies. With further studies, aPDT should prove valuable in daily clinical practice.

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Photodynamic Antifungal Activity of Hypocrellin A Against Candida albicans

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

2-Hydroxychalcone as a Potent Compound and Photosensitizer Against Dermatophyte Biofilms

2-Hydroxychalcone as a Potent Compound and Photosensitizer Against Dermatophyte Biofilms

Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi

New Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in the Management of Candidiasis

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