Photodynamic Effect of some Phthalocyanines on Enveloped and Naked Viruses

Abstract

Activity of three photosensitizing phthalocyanine derivatives was tested for photodynamic inactivation towards two coated and two non-enveloped viruses - bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), influenza virus A(H3N2), poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) and human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5). In the case of coated viruses, a combination of virucidal and irradiation effects was registered by octa-methylpyridyloxy-substituted Ga phthalocyanine (Ga8) toward BVDV, whereas tetra-methylpyridyloxy-substituted Ga phthalocyanine (Ga4) revealed a marked photoinactivation only. No such effect was observed towards influenza A virus. In contrast, the photoinactivating potential of Ga4 and Ga8 marked very high values on naked viruses, especially on HAdV5, at which both the virucidal as well as the irradiation effects became combined.

Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein prefusion conformation: virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations applied to the identification of potential fusion inhibitors

“…Different phthalocyanine derivatives have also been evaluated for their efficacy as virucidal agents and as fusion inhibitors (François et al, 2009;Vzorov et al, 2003Vzorov et al, , 2007. Given their photochemical properties, pththalocyanines also showed a phototoxic virucidal action on different enveloped viruses (Korneev et al, 2019;Nikolaeva-Glomb et al, 2017;Smetana et al, 1994). Concerning the safety of this molecule, no cell toxicity has been reported and an in vivo study on mice showed a good toxicity profile and no tissue damage (Styczynski et al, 2015).…”

Photodynamic inactivation of bacteriophage MS2: The A-protein is the target of virus inactivation

“…Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of viruses has been shown to be an efficient alternative to antiviral agents in the control of resistant and emerging viruses [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. When irradiated with visible light and in the presence of molecular oxygen in aqueous solution, photosensitisers such as 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridinio) porphyrin tetra p-toluenesulfonate (TMPyP) can generate singlet oxygen by a type 2 reaction (and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) by type 1 reaction) [11][12][13].…”

Potential Drugs Targeting Early Innate Immune Evasion of SARS-Coronavirus 2 via 2’-O-Methylation of Viral RNA

“…Phthalocyanine is an archetypal member of so-called photodynamic antimicrobials, in which the combination of a sensitizing drug and visible light causes selective destruction of viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens when applied to consumer or medical products [152][153][154][155]. Although the length of time that SARS-CoV-2 can survive on inanimate surfaces [156,157] varies depending on numerous factors, the risk of transmission of COVID-19 in social contact environments and non-healthcare work settings can be largely minimized through good general hygiene, including handwashing and wearing a face mask.…”

“…Currently, such procedures involve physical cleaning with detergent followed by disinfection with a hospital-grade disinfectant with activity against some viruses, or a chlorine-based product, such as sodium hypochlorite. Photochemotherapy using metal-derivatives of phthalocyanines, which might become activated even under weak indoor light, has been investigated for the disinfection of lipid envelope viruses, including HIV, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus 1, and influenza A virus [H1N1] [152][153][154][155]. Our current prediction of phthalocyanine as a putative pan-inhibitor of the SAM-binding site, the nsp16/nsp10 interface, and the RNA-binding groove of the SARS-CoV-2 2 -O-MTase, might provide an additional biological layer of interest to the usage of phthalocyanine derivatives as biocidal molecules that can be incorporated into self-disinfecting materials, such as fabrics, films, and coatings, which can play a vital role in preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, especially in healthcare settings.…”