Photodynamic Inactivation of an Endodontic Bacteria Using Diode Laser and Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanosphere

Higuchi, Naoya; Hayashi, Jun-ichiro; Fujita, Masanori; Iwamura, Yuki; Sasaki, Yukiko; Goto, Ryoma; Ohno, Tasuku; Nishida, Eisaku; Yamamoto, Genta; Kikuchi, Takeshi; Mitani, Akio; Fukuda, Mitsuo

doi:10.3390/ijms22168384

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Stronger antibacterial activity was received when ICGloaded nanospheres coated with chitosan were applied. Irradiation of the root surface at 2.1 W for 5 min resulted in a reduction of E. faecalis by 1.89 log, which was similar to the findings of the present study (ICG 500 and 1000 µg/mL) [50]. Other authors observed sufficient antibacterial effects when ICG was conjugated to nano-curcumin and metformin or by applying more sufficient laser settings [29,51].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Photodynamic Suppression of Enterococcus Faecalis in Infected Root Canals with Indocyanine Green, TroloxTM and Near-Infrared Light

Heyder,

Reise,

Burchardt

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Recently, our group showed that additional supplementation of Trolox™ (vitamin E analogue) can significantly enhance the antimicrobial photodynamic effect of the photosensitizer Indocyanine green (ICG). Up to now, the combined effect has not yet been investigated on Enterococcus faecalis in dental root canals. In the present in vitro study, eighty human root canals were inoculated with E. faecalis and subsequently subjected to antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) using ICG (250, 500, 1000 µg/mL) and near-infrared laser light (NIR, 808 nm, 100 Jcm−2). Trolox™ at concentrations of 6 mM was additionally applied. As a positive control, irrigation with 3% NaOCl was used. After aPDT, root canals were manually enlarged and the collected dentin debris was subjected to microbial culture analysis. Bacterial invasion into the dentinal tubules was verified for a distance of 300 µm. aPDT caused significant suppression of E. faecalis up to a maximum of 2.9 log counts (ICG 250 µg/mL). Additional application of TroloxTM resulted in increased antibacterial activity for aPDT with ICG 500 µg/mL. The efficiency of aPDT was comparable to NaOCl-irrigation inside the dentinal tubules. In conclusion, ICG significantly suppressed E. faecalis. Additional application of TroloxTM showed only minor enhancement. Future studies should also address the effects of TroloxTM on other photodynamic systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Photodynamic Suppression of Enterococcus Faecalis in Infected Root Canals with Indocyanine Green, TroloxTM and Near-Infrared Light

Heyder,

Reise,

Burchardt

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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“…Microbiological sampling techniques to detect bacterial presence have also been proposed as an alternative means to decide when shaping and cleaning procedures in vivo are completed, suggesting when they can obturate properly disinfected canals. However, these microbial culturing techniques that quantify bacterial presence (and not residual debris) are not simple to use in a clinical environment, and are currently used mostly for in vitro studies [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Device to Quantify Canal Cleanliness: An In Vitro Study

Arcuri,

Gambarini,

Zanza

et al. 2024

Oral

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Endodontic treatments are performed to avoid extractions and maintain the natural dentition. Root canal treatments are undertaken to eliminate or prevent an infection within the root canal system. Chemical and mechanical root canal debridement are the main methods used in endodontics to remove necrotic tissue, microorganisms, and microbial byproducts from the canal. However, to date there is no objective method to clinically determine the proper root canal disinfection level and thus proceed with the obturation. Clinicians just rely on their experience and habits or can trust in empirical methods such as the insertion of paper cones inside the canal and then check their appearance after the removal. Even in the in vitro and ex vivo scientific studies there is no objective method to analyze and compare the efficacy of different endodontic chemo-mechanical techniques and materials. The most frequently used method is to visually analyze some areas with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), even if the resulting images are hardly quantifiable and could greatly vary according to the analyzed area. A new device to clinically test the cleanliness of a root canal and display the result in an objective score was recently developed. The device analyzes the luminescence generated by an enzyme cycling method that process the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) present in organic residues. The aim of the present in vitro study was to test the efficacy and reliability of this novel device (Endocator) in a controlled in vitro environment, before using it in clinical practice. The device sensitivity was tested on 5 single canal resin blocks. Three consecutive sampling were executed by one operator for each block to test the device repeatability. Results were recorded according to Endoscore (ES) and relative light unit (RLU) scales. Descriptive analysis and comparison between the 5 resin blocks and the 3 consecutive sampling were performed. Only the comparison between the first and third measurements both for ES (p = 0.00115999) and RLU (p = 0.00532749) resulted significant. Endocator was able to determine small variations of canal contamination in a controlled laboratory environment, showing high sensitivity and repeatability.

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“…However, these microbial culturing techniques that quantify bacterial presence (and not residual debris) are not simple to use in a clinical environment and are currently used mostly for in vitro studies [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Device to Quantify Canal Cleanliness: An In Vitro Study

Arcuri,

Gambarini,

Zanza

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Endodontic treatments are performed to avoid extractions and maintain the natural dentition. Root canal treatments are undertaken to eliminate or prevent an infection within the root canal system. Chemical and mechanical root canal debridement are the main methods used in endo-dontics to remove necrotic tissue, microorganisms, and microbial byproducts from the canal. However, to date there is no objective method to clinically determine the proper root canal disin-fection level and thus proceed with the obturation. Clinicians just rely on their experience and habits or can trust in empirical methods such as the insertion of paper cones inside the channel and then check their appearance after the removal. Even in the in vitro and ex vivo scientific stud-ies there is no objective method to analyze and compare the efficacy of different endodontic chemo-mechanical techniques and materials. The most frequently used method is to visually an-alyze some areas with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), even if the resulting images are hardly quantifiable and could greatly vary according to the analyzed area. A new device to clin-ically test the cleanliness of a root canal and display the result in an objective score was recently developed. The device analyzes the luminescence generated by an enzyme cycling method that process the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP) present in organic residues. The aim of the present in vitro study was to test the efficacy and reliability of this novel device in a controlled in vitro environment, before using it in clinical practice.

show abstract

Photodynamic Inactivation of an Endodontic Bacteria Using Diode Laser and Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanosphere

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Photodynamic Suppression of Enterococcus Faecalis in Infected Root Canals with Indocyanine Green, TroloxTM and Near-Infrared Light

Photodynamic Suppression of Enterococcus Faecalis in Infected Root Canals with Indocyanine Green, TroloxTM and Near-Infrared Light

Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Device to Quantify Canal Cleanliness: An In Vitro Study

Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Device to Quantify Canal Cleanliness: An In Vitro Study

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