Photodynamic therapy for herpes simplex: A critical review

Le, Bockstahler; Tp, Coohill; Kb, Hellman; Lytle, C. David; Roberts, J.

doi:10.1016/0163-7258(79)90144-x

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…However, it was demonstrated in some cases that NR was not effective in the treatment of herpetic lesions [14][15][16] . In our previous study, we demonstrated that UV-inactivated MHV-68 can transform cells in vitro [27] , thus resembling the transforming ability of several UV-inactivated herpesviruses belonging to the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, such as HSV1, HSV2, and EHV [24][25][26]39] . Recent studies have reported that normal cell lines such as MRC-5 and NIH-3T3 (used in this study) cultured in the presence of MB acquired a transformed phenotype accompanied by the presence of virus when they were infected with photoinactivated nonsyn strains (K17 and Kupka) but not syn strains (HSZP) of HSV-1 [40] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of Cells by Photoinactivated Murine Gamma-Herpesvirus 68 during Nonproductive and Quiescent Infection

et al. 2017

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Infection of human MRC-5 cells and mouse NIH-3T3 cells with a murine gamma-herpesvirus (MuHV-4 strain 68; MHV-68) photoinactivated by visible light in the presence of methylene blue (MB) resulted in nonproductive infection and the appearance of morphologically transformed cells. Two stably transformed cell lines were derived from both of these cell types and were confirmed to contain both viral DNA and antigen. Next, a quiescent MHV-68 infection in MRC-5 and NIH-3T3 cells was established after cultivation at 41°C in the presence of phosphonoacetic acid. Following the exposure of quiescently infected cells to visible light for 120 s (5 times daily for 6 days) in the presence of MB, both MRC-5 and NIH-3T3 cells were observed to acquire transformed phenotypes. The cytopathic effect was observed in cells after 4-5 passages, after which the cells degenerated. However, when human interferon (IFN)-α and mouse IFN-β were added to the media of quiescently infected MRC-5 and NIH-3T3 cells during the photoinactivating procedure, 2 stable transformed cell lines containing both viral DNA and the antigen were obtained and resembled those attained following nonproductive infection with photoinactivated virus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of Cells by Photoinactivated Murine Gamma-Herpesvirus 68 during Nonproductive and Quiescent Infection

et al. 2017

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“…In the 1970’s there was a burst of popularity in treating Herpes simplex lesions by topical PDT ((129, 130) and reviewed in (131)). Several dyes (of which the most popular choice was neutral red) were topically applied to oral or genital herpes lesions followed by illumination generally with white light.…”

Section: Pdt For Clinical Infectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic therapy for localized infections—State of the art

Dai

Huang

Hamblin

2009

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy

677

494

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was discovered over one hundred years ago by observing the killing of microorganisms when harmless dyes and visible light were combined in vitro. Since then it has primarily been developed as a treatment for cancer, ophthalmologic disorders and in dermatology. However in recent years interest in the antimicrobial effects of PDT has revived and it has been proposed as a therapy for a large variety of localized infections. This revival of interest has largely been driven by the inexorable increase in drug resistance amongst many classes of pathogen. Advantages of PDT include equal killing effectiveness regardless of antibiotic resistance, and a lack of induction of PDT resistance. Disadvantages include the cessation of the antimicrobial effect when the light is turned off, and less than perfect selectivity for microbial cells over host tissue. This review will cover the use of PDT to kill or inactivate pathogens in ex vivo tissues and in biological materials such as blood. PDT has been successfully used to kill pathogens and even to save life in several animal models of localized infections such as surface wounds, burns, oral sites, abscesses and the middle ear. A large number of clinical studies of PDT for viral papillomatosis lesions and for acne refer to its anti-microbial effect, but it is unclear how important this microbial killing is to the overall therapeutic outcome. PDT for periodontitis is a rapidly growing clinical application and other dental applications are under investigation. PDT is being clinically studied for other dermatological infections such as leishmaniasis and mycobacteria. Antimicrobial PDT will become more important in the future as antibiotic resistance is only expected to continue to increase.

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“…Data on clinical applications of PDI are limited, and most of the studies were devoted to antiviral PDT, but a few antibacterial clinical trials were also undertaken. In 1970s there were numerous clinical trials and clinical practice for treatment of recurrent herpes simplex lesions (32)(33). Topical application of 1% aqueous solution of Neutral Red followed by a 15 minute exposure to a 40 W bulb filtered to transmit 440 -550 nm was used.…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy Targeted to Pathogens

Demidova

Hamblin

2004

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

324

178

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs a non-toxic dye termed a photosensitizer (PS) together with low intensity visible light, which, in the presence of oxygen, produce cytotoxic species. PS can be targeted to its destination cell or tissue and, in addition, the irradiation can be spatially confined to the lesion giving PDT the advantage of dual selectivity. This promising approach can be used for various applications including microbial inactivation and the treatment of infections. Resistance to PDT has not been shown and multiantibiotic-resistant strains are as easily killed as naive strains. It is known that Gram (+) bacteria are more sensitive to PDT as compared to Gram (-) species. However, the use of cationic PS or agents that increase the permeability of the outer membrane allows for the effective killing of Gram (-) organisms. Some PS have an innate positive charge, but our approach is to link PS to a cationic molecular vehicle such as poly-L-lysine. This modification dramatically increases PS binding to and penetrating through the negatively charged bacterial permeability barrier. Due to focused light delivery the use of PDT is possible only for localized infections. Nonetheless numerous diseases can be treated. Selectivity of the PS for microbes over host cells, accurate delivery of the PS into the infected area, and PDT dose adjustment help minimize side effects and give PDT an advantage over conventional therapy. There are only a few reports about the use of antimicrobial PDT in animal models and clinical trials. We have used genetically modified bioluminescent bacteria to follow the effect of PDT in infected wounds, burns, and soft tissue infections in mice. Not only were bacteria infecting wounds, burns, and abscesses killed, but mice were saved from death due to sepsis and wound healing was improved.

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Photodynamic therapy for herpes simplex: A critical review

Cited by 35 publications

References 188 publications

Transformation of Cells by Photoinactivated Murine Gamma-Herpesvirus 68 during Nonproductive and Quiescent Infection

Transformation of Cells by Photoinactivated Murine Gamma-Herpesvirus 68 during Nonproductive and Quiescent Infection

Photodynamic therapy for localized infections—State of the art

Photodynamic Therapy Targeted to Pathogens

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