Photodynamic Therapy of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Narrative Review and Future Directions

Shafirstein, Gal; Battoo, Athar; Harris, Kassem; Baumann, Heinz; Gollnick, Sandra O.; Lindenmann, Joerg; Nwogu, Chukwumere

doi:10.1513/annalsats.201509-650fr

Cited by 117 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Photodynamic therapy,5 endobronchial brachytherapy,6 and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy7 can be considered to treat early‐stage endobronchial non‐small‐cell lung cancer in patients in which surgical resection is difficult. A certain portion of early‐stage superficial endobronchial squamous cell carcinoma does not display any radiologic abnormality on CT scan 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality‐assisted localization and three‐dimensional printing‐enhanced multidisciplinary decision to treat radiologically occult superficial endobronchial lung cancer

et al. 2018

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Herein, we report the unique case of a 75‐year‐old male patient who had undergone a left upper lobectomy for lung cancer and developed an incidental superficial endobronchial squamous cell carcinoma in the right upper lobe that was not localizable on modern cross‐sectional imaging modalities. The superficial endobronchial squamous cell carcinoma was successfully localized by computed tomography‐driven virtual reality endoscopy and was identically matched with a small, whitish, patch lesion on bronchoscopy. The localized lesion was annotated on the corresponding computed tomography images, and illustrated in a fabricated three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed airway model. Because the exact anatomic location of the lesion and the acute angle of the adjacent bronchial trajectory were visible in the 3D model, enhanced multidisciplinary consultation resulted in the decision to treat the lesion using photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy was successfully performed without complications. A follow‐up bronchoscopy two months after treatment confirmed that the superficial endobronchial squamous cell carcinoma had been cured.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality‐assisted localization and three‐dimensional printing‐enhanced multidisciplinary decision to treat radiologically occult superficial endobronchial lung cancer

et al. 2018

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“…61 This activation requires tissue illumination using monochromatic light of a proper wavelength (e.g. laser).…”

Section: Photodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Bronchoscopic Treatment of Peripheral Lung Cancers

Harris

Puchalski

Sterman

2017

CHEST

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The detection of peripheral lung nodules is increasing because of the expanded use of CT imaging and implementation of lung cancer screening recommendations. Although surgical resection of malignant nodules remains the treatment modality of choice at present, many patients are not surgical candidates, thus prompting the need for other therapeutic options. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and percutaneous thermal ablation are emerging as viable alternatives to surgical resection. For safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness purposes, however, alternative bronchoscopic methods for treatment of peripheral lung cancer are currently under active exploration. We searched the Cochrane Library and MEDLINE from 1990 to 2015 to provide the most comprehensive review of bronchoscopic treatment of malignant lung nodules. We used the following search terms: bronchoscopy, lung nodule, peripheral lung lesion, and bronchoscopic treatment. We focused on peripheral pulmonary nodules that are confirmed or highly likely to be malignant. Seventy-one articles were included in this narrative review. We have provided an overview of advanced bronchoscopic modalities that have been used or are under active investigation for definitive treatment of malignant pulmonary nodules. We have concisely discussed the use of direct intratumoral chemotherapy or gene therapies, transbronchial brachytherapy, bronchoscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA), placement of markers to guide real time-radiation and surgery, cryotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. We have also briefly reported on emerging technologies such as vapor ablation of lung parenchyma for lung cancers. Advances in bronchoscopic therapy will bring additional treatment options to patients with peripheral lung malignancies, with putative advantages over other minimally invasive modalities.

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“…For analytic solution, we have chosen the distribution profile given by [26] The type-I efficacy Ceff (I)=1-exp(-S'), with S' function given by [26] (3.a) (3.b) where I'(z,t) = I0 exp(-A'z), with A' being an effective absorption constant. K'=(k p /k t ) 2 with k p and k t are the rate constant for the polymer growth and termination; the effective factor, f=1 (or g=0), when type-II does not occur, or when the oxygen is completely depleted.…”

Section: Analysis Of Photodynamic Therapy (Pdt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of nano-medicine has been used in bio-imaging and bio-sensing, drug delivery, cancer cell diagnostics and therapeutics [1,2]. Nanoparticles (NPs) can cause tumor cell death by photothermal ablation, photodynamic toxicity, mechanical damage, or increase in the localized drug concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%