Photodynamic therapy of U87 human glioma in nude rat using liposome-delivered photofrin

Physical and chemical properties of pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester in ethanol, phosphate buffer and aqueous dispersion of small unilamellar dimyristoyl-l-α-phosphatidylcholine vesicles

“…The study was carried out in ethanol, aqueous solutions of phosphate buffer (PBS) but also in aqueous dispersion of small unilamellar dimyristoyl-L-α-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles. Indeed, to enhance the efficacy of PDT, liposomes come into focus as a valuable carrier and delivery system, particularly for hydrophobic photosensitizers 30 . Using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, it was shown that PPME is in a monomeric form in ethanol and liposomes but strongly aggregated in PBS.…”

Getting into the brain: liposome-based strategies for effective drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier

“…Just like for chemotherapy, the efficacy of PDT for the treatment of brain tumors was greatly improved when Photofrin was encapsulated into liposomes, since the photosensitizing agent was efficiently delivered within brain tumors. 264,266 Finally, it is worth mentioning here that although the preferred route for delivery of liposomes seems to be intravenous injection, alternative routes of administration, such as convection-enhanced delivery and intracranial, intracarotid, and intraperitoneal injections, have been also considered.…”

In vivoevaluation of battery-operated light-emitting diode-based photodynamic therapy efficacy using tumor volume and biomarker expression as endpoints

“…Higher necrotic volumes are representative of better treatment outcome as has been shown in PDT by our group and others. 17,[19][20][21] To evaluate the efficacy of our LED-based PDT, we compared the necrotic volume in the tumors to those generated by the laser-based PDT. Generally, random representative tissue sections of the tumor are analyzed for calculation of necrotic areas.…”