Photodynamic therapy with chlorin e<sub>6</sub> for skin metastases of melanoma

Sheleg, Sergey; Zhavrid, Edvard; Khodina, Tatsiana V.; Kochubeev, G. A.; Istomin, Yu. P.; Chalov, V. N.; Zhuravkin, Ivan N.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2004.00078.x

Cited by 110 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…There are several advantages with using ce6. This established and clinically attested photosensitiser (Spikes, 1990;Sheleg et al, 2004) is a simple compound that is water soluble and quickly penetrates into cells, and only a brief incubation (30 min) is sufficient for producing adequate PDT effects. Another advantage of ce6 is its low cost and commercial availability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic therapy-generated vaccines: relevance of tumour cell death expression

2007

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Recent investigations have established that tumour cells treated in vitro by photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used for generating potent vaccines against cancers of the same origin. In the present study, cancer vaccines were prepared by treating mouse SCCVII squamous cell carcinoma cells with photosensitiser chlorin e6-based PDT and used against poorly immunogenic SCCVII tumours growing in syngeneic immunocompetent mice. The vaccine potency increased when cells were post-incubated in culture after PDT treatment for 16 h before they were injected into tumour-bearing mice. Interfering with surface expression of phosphatidylserine (annexin V treatment) and apoptosis (caspase inhibitor treatment) demonstrated that this post-incubation effect is affiliated with the expression of changes associated with vaccine cell death. The cured mice acquired resistance to re-challenge with the same tumour, while the engagement of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was demonstrated by detection of high numbers of degranulating CD8 þ cells in vaccinated tumours. The vaccines prepared from ex vivo PDT-treated SCCVII tumour tissue were also highly effective, implying that surgically removed tumour tissue can be directly used for PDT vaccines. This opens attractive prospects for employing PDT vaccines tailored for individual patients targeting specific antigens of the patient's tumour.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic therapy-generated vaccines: relevance of tumour cell death expression

2007

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“…(5) It is worth noting that melanocytes originating from highly motile cells have enhanced survival properties and are relatively resistant to drug-induced apoptosis and chemotherapy. (6,7) Previous studies have investigated the application of PDT with several photosensitizers, such as lutetium texaphyrin, (8) chlorin e 6 , (9) and 5-aminolaevulinic acid, (10) to induce cell death of melanocytes in vivo and in vitro.…”

Section: Methylene Blue (Mb) Is a Widely Studied Agent Currently Undementioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis induced by methylene‐blue‐mediated photodynamic therapy in melanomas and the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction revealed by proteomics

Chen

Zheng

et al. 2008

Cancer Science

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Methylene blue (MB) is a widely studied agent currently under investigation for its properties relating to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Recent studies have demonstrated that MB exhibits profound phototoxicity affecting a variety of tumor cell lines. However, the mechanistic explanation for methylene-blue-mediated photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) in the context of melanoma therapy is still obscure. In the present study, B16F1 melanoma cells were treated by MB-PDT under different conditions, and thereafter subjected to cell viability detection assays. MB-PDT could induce intense apoptotic cell death through a series of steps beginning with the photochemical generation of reactive oxygen species that activate the caspase-9/ caspase-3 apoptosis pathway. Blocking activation of caspase-3 and induction of oxidative stress by caspase inhibitor and by glutathione, respectively, markedly reduced apoptotic cell death in vitro. P hotodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the systemic or local administration of a tumor-localizing photosensitizer followed by irradiation of the targeted lesion with light of the appropriate wavelength. This multistep procedure initiates a complex photochemical reaction to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytotoxic products generated by PDT trigger a cascade of molecular events that lead to apoptosis and/or necrosis of cells responsible for tumor destruction.(1,2) Therefore PDT is considered to be a promising technology approved as an alternative treatment for a diverse array of cancers, such as cervical cancer, oesophageal cancer, head and neck cancer and skin malignancies. (3,4) Melanoma is a cancer developing from malignant transformation of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells that are found predominantly in the skin.(5) It is worth noting that melanocytes originating from highly motile cells have enhanced survival properties and are relatively resistant to drug-induced apoptosis and chemotherapy.(6,7) Previous studies have investigated the application of PDT with several photosensitizers, such as lutetium texaphyrin, (8) chlorin e 6 , (9) and 5-aminolaevulinic acid,to induce cell death of melanocytes in vivo and in vitro. Although initial treatment responses after PDT are routinely positive; the difficulty in achieving good light excitation of these sensitizers and ethical considerations concerning the aggressiveness of the disease hinder the development of the application of PDT for treating melanomas. Methylene blue (MB), from the phenothiazinium family, is a photosensitizer which has excellent photochemical properties. MB is well known to have a high quantum yield of intersystem crossing and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) generation, and can produce radical species in the presence of reducing agents.(11,12) Importantly, MB possesses exceptional affinity to melanocyteproduced melanin, which contributes to selective absorption of this compound by cutaneous melanomas.(13) Compared with other photosensitizers, MB showed enhanced penetration efficiency into melanoma cells. It has been reported ...

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“…Hypericin is a naturally occurring plant-based perylene-quinone dye that has been successfully tested as an effective photosensitiser in in-vitro studies [17][18][19] due to its properties of fast clearance, low dark toxicity and higher quantum efficiency of reactive oxygen species generation [20][21][22][23]. Herein, as a proof-of-concept, we propose fabrication of a nanoprobe, called a Nanosensitiser (NS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanosensitisers for Multimodal Optical Diagnostic Imaging and Therapy of Cancer

Connolly¹

2014

J Nanomed Nanotechnol

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Photodynamic therapy with chlorin e₆ for skin metastases of melanoma

Abstract: PDT with chlorin e(6) for skin metastases from melanoma is effective and well tolerated. Further clinical investigation of PDT with chlorin e(6) is warranted.

Cited by 110 publications

References 34 publications

Photodynamic therapy-generated vaccines: relevance of tumour cell death expression

Photodynamic therapy-generated vaccines: relevance of tumour cell death expression

Apoptosis induced by methylene‐blue‐mediated photodynamic therapy in melanomas and the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction revealed by proteomics

Gold Nanosensitisers for Multimodal Optical Diagnostic Imaging and Therapy of Cancer

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Photodynamic therapy with chlorin e6 for skin metastases of melanoma

Abstract: PDT with chlorin e(6) for skin metastases from melanoma is effective and well tolerated. Further clinical investigation of PDT with chlorin e(6) is warranted.

Cited by 110 publications

References 34 publications

Photodynamic therapy-generated vaccines: relevance of tumour cell death expression

Photodynamic therapy-generated vaccines: relevance of tumour cell death expression

Apoptosis induced by methylene‐blue‐mediated photodynamic therapy in melanomas and the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction revealed by proteomics

Gold Nanosensitisers for Multimodal Optical Diagnostic Imaging and Therapy of Cancer

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Product

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Photodynamic therapy with chlorin e₆ for skin metastases of melanoma