Photoelectric determination of V₀ values and electron ranges in some cryogenic liquids

Abstract

Conduction state energies V0 were measured for liquid neon, argon, krypton, xenon, liquid nitrogen, liquid methane and ethane, and mixtures of methane and ethane by means of photo-effect on a metal electrode. A lower limit of V0 for liquid hydrogen was estimated. From the dependence of the photocurrent on the electric field strength electron penetration ranges could be deduced.

Measurement of longitudinal electron diffusion in liquid argon

“…8. The 0.28 eV lowering of work function in LAr indicates a negative electron affinity, which is similar to previous measurements with Zn [28] and Ba [29] photocathodes. Although the drift photoelectrons bear this excess kinetic energy on ejection from the cathode, they come to thermal equilibrium through collisions with argon atoms in a time less than 1 ns, and a distance less than a few microns [30].…”

Atomic and Molecular Low-n Rydberg States in Near Critical Point Fluids

“…However, high-n Rydberg states are usually too sensitive to perturber density fluctuations, which makes these individual dopant states impossible to investigate. (Nevertheless, under the assumption that high-n Rydberg state energies behave similarly to the ionization threshold of the dopant, dopant high-n Rydberg state behavior in supercritical fluids can be probed indirectly by studying the energy of the quasi-free electron, through photoinjection [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and field ionization [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].) Low-n Rydberg states, on the other hand, are excellent spectroscopic probes to investigate excited state/fluid interactions.…”

Energy of the quasi-free electron in xenon

“…Small adjustments (< ±5%) were made to the intermolecular potential parameters to remove all dopant dependence from V 0 (ρ Xe ). [24], ( ) [25,26] and (♦) [27]. The lines are provided as a visual aid.…”

“…For purposes of comparison, previous determinations of the noncritical isotherm V 0 (ρ Xe ) from photoinjection measurements [24][25][26][27] are presented in Fig. 2b.…”