“…Composite materials such as CdS-TiO 2 , 28 TiO 2 -WO 3 , 29,30 and carbon nanotube/TiO 2 31 have also shown to improve PEC responses. With a particular focus on TiO 2 -WO 3 nanotubes, various synthesis methods have been reported such as anodization of Ti-W alloy, 32 emulsion electrospinning, thermal evaporation, thermal annealing, 33 sol-gel synthesis, 34 electrochemical deposition of WO 3 , 30 anodization of Ti containing tungstate species. 35 However, TiO 2 -WO 3 nanotubes synthesized from anodization of Ti-W thin films formed by co-sputtering deposition has not been widely investigated.…”