charge carriers to react with electrolytes, a definition that implies much broader applications than just water splitting. For example, photogenerated holes can be used to degrade hazardous organics for waste water treatment, [3] and photo generated electrons can be used for other thermodynamically favorable reactions beyond hydrogen evolution, such as O 2 reduction reaction. Thus, a PEC system can operate under mod erate bias or even without bias to pro duce electricity. [4,5] Such an unassisted PEC system was first referred as photo catalytic fuel cells (PFCs) in 2006, [6] for which the photoanode oxidizes NH 3 to N 2 or decomposes various biomass, and cathode reduces O 2 to H 2 O. This PFC system also produces electricity. To date, all the PFCrelated works have been focusing on organics degradation on photoanodes. [3,4,7] It will be valuable to create a new type of unassisted PEC system that simultaneously produces valuable chemicals like PEC water splitting cells and electricity as PFC cells.In this work, we report such an unassisted PEC system that uses light, water, and oxygen to simultaneously produce electricity and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) on both photoanode (BiVO 4 ) and cathode (carbon), i.e., light + 2H 2 O + O 2 = electricity + 2H 2 O 2 . There have been several reports on unassisted H 2 O 2 generation from one side or two sides. [8,9] However, the twoside generation has its specialty and needs to be considered on the compatibility between electrode materials, electrolytes, and any cross talk between two sides, to promote the H 2 O 2 generation efficiency to a maximum. So far, no such work has been done regarding the twoside H 2 O 2 generation as an individual case with the key factors' studies for the systematical level optimization rather than simple combination of two singleside generations. As a result, for this work, the optimized unassisted PEC system produces H 2 O 2 at a rate of 0.48 µmol min −1 cm −2 and a maximum output power density of 0.194 mW cm −2 (0.61 V opencircuit potential and 1.09 mA cm −2 shortcircuit current density). In essence, this unassisted PEC system is a lightdriven fuel cell with H 2 O 2 as the main product on both electrodes. The electricity output can be also used for a signal of cell function, when it is accompa nied by a detector such as a lightemitting diode (LED) light or a multimeter, as shown in the end of this work.In the following sections, we will first discuss the design of this lightdriven fuel cell, followed by the optimization Photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems have been researched for decades due to their great promise to convert sunlight to fuels. The majority of the research on PEC has been using light to split water to hydrogen and oxygen, and its performance is limited by the need of additional bias. Another research direction on PEC using light, is to decompose organic materials while producing electricity. In this work, the authors report a new type of unassisted PEC system that uses light, water and oxygen to simultaneously produce electricity...