Photoelectrochemical properties of thin films of polythiophene and derivatives: Doping level and structure effects

Glenis, S.; Tourillon, G.; Garnier, F.

doi:10.1016/0040-6090(84)90374-2

Cited by 82 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…More insight concerning the changes occurring at the polymer-electrolyte interface under irradiation can be evaluated closely by inspecting the values of N. For both pristine and hybrid films, the number of charge carriers increases one order of magnitude after irradiation, a situation expected for a photoactive film. N values in the order of 10 16 to 10 17 are comparable to those obtained for inorganic semiconductors [47] or other conducting polymers [48,49]. Comparing the values of N for the pristine and hybrid films in the dark, we also observe a slight increase in the number of charge carriers.…”

Section: Interface Properties Parameterssupporting

confidence: 83%

Photoelectrochemical properties of poly(terthiophene) films modified with a fullerene derivative

2006

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Section: Interface Properties Parameterssupporting

confidence: 83%

Photoelectrochemical properties of poly(terthiophene) films modified with a fullerene derivative

2006

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“…The first examples of solar cells based on PT were reported in 1984 by Garnier and coworkers, who described Schottky diodes with 0.15% efficiency under white‐light irradiation at low intensity 68. In 1992 Sariciftci et al demonstrated that photo‐excitation of a mixture of poly[2‐methoxy,5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐ p ‐phenylene vinylene] (MEH‐PPV) and C 60 fullerene results in an ultra‐fast, photo‐induced electron transfer from the π‐conjugated system to C 60 with a quantum efficiency for charge separation close to unity and a lifetime of the charge‐separated state in the millisecond‐range 69.…”

Section: Tailoring the Band Gap Of π‐Conjugated Systems For Specific mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Engineering of the Band Gap of π‐Conjugated Systems: Facing Technological Applications

Roncali

2007

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

673

538

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IntroductionThe control of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap of p-conjugated systems and hence of the band gap of the corresponding materials has been in the centre of the synthetic chemistry of functional p-conjugated systems for more than twenty years. Following the discovery of the metallic conductivity of doped polyacetylene, [1] conjugated polymers derived from heteroaromatic units such as polypyrrole [2] or polythiophene (PT) [3] emerged in the early eighties as an answer to the problems posed by the lack of stability of polyacetylene in atmospheric conditions. Owing to a unique combination of environmental stability, conductivity, moderate band gap and structural versatility, thiophenebased p-conjugated systems have progressively supplanted other classes of systems in both fundamental and technologically-oriented research.[4]Whereas band gap control has been a target already at an early stage of research on conjugated polymers, during the past two decades the field has undergone major changes in both its finalities and synthetic approaches. During the 1980-1990 period conducting polymers were essentially considered as possible alternatives for metals or metal oxides in bulk applications such as electrode Feature ArticleFor almost two decades, the search of an intrinsically-conductive organic metal has represented the major driving force for research on control of the band gap of extended p-conjugated systems. However, the emergence of the application of p-conjugated oligomers and polymers in field-effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, electrochromic devices and solar cells has introduced major changes in the chemistry of gap engineering. Besides controlled band gap, active materials for electronic and photonic applications must present appropriate absorption and/or emission properties, highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO) energy levels and charge-transport properties. The aim of this short review is to present an overview of the recent trends in this area in order to identify possible directions for future research. Consequently, while considerable research effort was invested in the optimization of the conductivity of doped conjugated polymers, the search for a zero-band-gap polymer capable of forming an intrinsically conductive material, namely a true organic metal, represented the ''Holy Grail'' for the chemistry of conjugated systems.[5]The turn of the nineties has been marked by a progressive decline of research on the bulk applications of conducting polymers, with the parallel emergence of research focused on the applications of conjugated systems in electronic and photonic devices such as field-effect transistors (FETs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells. [6][7][8] These applications, based on the electronic properties of the neutral semiconducting form of conjugated systems, have had a profound impact on the chemistry of these systems by providing new finalities. This new situation ...

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“…11,12 This rationalization was challenged when thiophene oligomers (OT)s were investigated as models for polythiophene (PT). Thus although polythiophene (PT) is one of the most studied COPs, 7,10,29,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] the doping process is still not completely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Charge Carriers in Doped Thiophene Oligomers through Theoretical Modeling of their UV/Vis Spectra

Salzner

2008

J. Phys. Chem. A

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The nature of the charge carriers in conducting organic polymers (COPs) is a long standing problem. Polythiophene is one of the prototypes of COPs and intensively studied. Because doping leads to changes in UV/vis spectra that are characteristic of the absorbing species, UV/vis spectra of charged thiophene oligomers with up to 25 rings were calculated with time-dependent density functional theory. The credibility of the method was established by comparing the results with a variety of theoretical levels and with experiment. Effects due to counterions (Cl 3 (-)) and solvent (CH 2Cl 2) were examined. It was found that TDDFT employing hybrid functionals is accurate enough to distinguish the absorbing species. The findings offer an explanation for the experimentally observed difference in UV-spectra of medium-sized and long oligomers upon doping. As chain lengths of the oligomers increase and energy levels get closer, configuration interaction leads to additional absorption peaks in the high energy sub-band region (at around 1.5-2.5 eV). Thus, long oligomers do not behave differently from medium-sized ones upon doping, only their spectra are different. At low doping levels radical cations (polarons) are produced. At higher doping levels, dications that harbor weakly interacting polaron pairs are formed. Bipolarons are predicted only on very short chains or at high doping levels. There is no bipolaron binding energy and disproportionation of monocations into dications and neutral species is energetically unfavorable.

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Photoelectrochemical properties of thin films of polythiophene and derivatives: Doping level and structure effects

Cited by 82 publications

References 15 publications

Photoelectrochemical properties of poly(terthiophene) films modified with a fullerene derivative

Photoelectrochemical properties of poly(terthiophene) films modified with a fullerene derivative

Molecular Engineering of the Band Gap of π‐Conjugated Systems: Facing Technological Applications

Investigation of Charge Carriers in Doped Thiophene Oligomers through Theoretical Modeling of their UV/Vis Spectra

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