Photoemission Electron Microscopy as a Tool for the Investigation of Optical Near Fields

Cinchetti, Mirko; Gloskovskii, A.; Nepjiko, S. A.; Schönhense, G.; Rochholz, H.; Kreiter, Maximilian

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.047601

Cited by 143 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is worth mentioning that in the most case of plasmon imaging by PEEM, the spatial resolution has been limited to ,50 nm. 30,32,33,35,38 The ultrashort pulse duration (7 fs) makes this light source suitable for time-resolved studies. We also combined MP-PEEM with an interferometric time-resolved photoemission technique to establish a TR-MP-PEEM system to investigate the dynamics of the LSPR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two-photon PEEM investigations have typically been performed on Ag nanostructures excited by near-ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulses (,400 nm, double frequency of a Ti:sapphire laser). [30][31][32] The LSPR of the Au nanoparticles lies in visible region (,510 nm) and near-infrared (NIR) region so that it cannot be excited by near-ultraviolet light. For example, the LSPR wavelength of the Au nanostructures studied in this paper is in the range of 700-900 nm, which is far from the double frequency of Ti:sapphire laser pulses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[30][31][32][33][34][35] Photoemission electron microscopy records the electrons emitted from a sample in response to the absorption of incident photons. Conventional PEEM uses ultraviolet (UV) light or X-ray radiation as the excitation source and has been demonstrated as a powerful imaging and characterization tool in the fields of surface physics/chemistry, material growth and magnetic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct imaging of the near field and dynamics of surface plasmon resonance on gold nanostructures using photoemission electron microscopy

et al. 2013

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Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can be supported by metallic nanoparticles and engineered nanostructures. An understanding of the spatially resolved near-field properties and dynamics of LSPR is important, but remains experimentally challenging. We report experimental studies toward this aim using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) with high spatial resolution of sub-10 nm. Various engineered gold nanostructure arrays (such as rods, nanodisk-like particles and dimers) are investigated via PEEM using near-infrared (NIR) femtosecond laser pulses as the excitation source. When the LSPR wavelengths overlap the spectrum of the femtosecond pulses, the LSPR is efficiently excited and promotes multiphoton photoemission, which is correlated with the local intensity of the metallic nanoparticles in the near field. Thus, the local field distribution of the LSPR on different Au nanostructures can be directly explored and discussed using the PEEM images. In addition, the dynamics of the LSPR is studied by combining interferometric time-resolved pump-probe technique and PEEM. Detailed information on the oscillation and dephasing of the LSPR field can be obtained. The results identify PEEM as a powerful tool for accessing the near-field mapping and dynamic properties of plasmonic nanostructures. Keywords: femtosecond laser; local field enhancement; near-field imaging; photoemission electron microscopy; surface plasmon resonance INTRODUCTION Because of the rapid development of nanofabrication techniques, metallic nanostructures that can exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can be fabricated using several methods. The resonance frequency and amplitude of LSPR on metallic nanostructures are known to depend on the metal materials, shapes, and surrounding media. [1][2][3][4] In addition, the LSPR can confine optical fields in nanoscale space, leading to the so-called local field enhancement effect. These unique properties promote the application of LSPR in many fields, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering, 5-8 sensing, 1,9,10 plasmonassisted photochemical reactions 4,11,12 and photocurrent generation. [13][14][15] To further understand the LSPR mechanism and to optimize the design of the plasmonic nanostructures for most applications, the near-field properties of the LSPR fields (especially the near-field distribution of the plasmonic nanostructures) must be determined. To date, investigations of the optical properties of LSPR have largely relied on far-field spectroscopic techniques or numerical simulations. Several experimental approaches have been utilized to visualize the near field, including scanning photoionization microscopy, 16,17 scanning near-field optical microscopy, 18-21 nonlinear luminescence or fluorescent microscopy, 22,23 nonlinear photopolymerization 24,25 and near-field ablation of a substrate. [26][27][28][29] However, these approaches have

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct imaging of the near field and dynamics of surface plasmon resonance on gold nanostructures using photoemission electron microscopy

et al. 2013

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“…Although, in the terahertz regime, ingenious pump probe techniques were able to resolve local electric fields with a resolution below the diffraction limit [9], in the optical regime, this has not been achieved yet. Recently, several techniques that use electron beams to obtain optical information beyond the diffraction limit have emerged [10], for example, photon electron emission microscopy (PEEM) [11,12], electron energy-loss microscopy (EELS) [13,14] and electron beam-induced light emission [4,[15][16][17]. In this last technique, a focused beam of accelerated electrons impinges on the surface of a sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local investigation of the optical properties of subwavelength rectangular holes with a focused beam of electrons

Prangsma

Oosten

Kuipers

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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The optical properties of rectangular subwavelength holes in a gold film are investigated using the light generated when a focused beam of electrons impinges on the sample close to the hole. Using this technique, multi-spectral maps of the holes are obtained with a resolution beyond the optical diffraction limit. The results show the influence of hole shape on the spectrum of locally scattered light. Rectangular holes of varying shape and size are investigated, and the spatial distribution of the polarization of the observed light is measured. The influence of neighbouring holes is investigated by measuring small clusters of holes.

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“…Photoemission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) is a powerful technique comprising both, the sensitivity to electrical near fields for the investigation of plasmonic waves [3], and a magnetic sensitivity with high lateral resolution by exploiting the (X-ray) magnetic circular dichroism [4,5]. Thus an increasing number of PEEM instruments have a laser system attached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sample holder with integrated laser optics for an ELMITEC photoemission electron microscope

Gierster

Pape

Ünal

et al. 2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We present a new sample holder compatible with ELMITEC Photoemission Electron Microscopes containing an optical lens and a mirror. With the integrated optical elements a laser beam is focused from the back side of the sample at normal incidence, yielding a minimum spot size of about 1μm. This opens up new possibilities for local laser excitations in PEEM experiments such as imaging all-optical magnetization switching at a small length scale.

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Photoemission Electron Microscopy as a Tool for the Investigation of Optical Near Fields

Cited by 143 publications

References 33 publications

Direct imaging of the near field and dynamics of surface plasmon resonance on gold nanostructures using photoemission electron microscopy

Direct imaging of the near field and dynamics of surface plasmon resonance on gold nanostructures using photoemission electron microscopy

Local investigation of the optical properties of subwavelength rectangular holes with a focused beam of electrons

A sample holder with integrated laser optics for an ELMITEC photoemission electron microscope

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