Photoemission spectroscopy—Correspondence between quantum theory and experimental phenomenology

Feibelman, Peter J.; East̀man, D. E.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.10.4932

Cited by 560 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This is evident from the fact that the use of He-II photons enhances the structure observed near ϳ4 eV, a feature ascribed to surface states 42 on the basis of the escape depth of photoelectrons ͑ϳ5 Å for He-II and 10-15 Å for He-I͒. 32,40,43 A narrow band near to E F is well defined in curves a to g, i.e., for P O 2 Ͻ 1.98ϫ 10 −5 mbar. The EDJDOS is clearly composed by two bands ͑labeled A and B͒ for x Ͻ 0.86 ͑curves a to f͒.…”

Section: Results: Analysis Of the Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The UPS spectra thus obtained represent the energy distribution joint density of states ͑EDJDOS͒ of the valence and conduction bands properly weighted by the matrix electron transition probability. 32,33 The electron binding energies ͑BEs͒ are referred to the Fermi level E F as determined from the photoelectron spectrum obtained in a silver sample properly cleaned by sputtering. Quantitative analysis of XPS spectra was performed after subtraction of the inelastic background using Shirley's method.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive study of the influence of the stoichiometry on the physical properties of TiOx films prepared by ion beam deposition

Marchi

Bilmes

Ribeiro³

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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Articles you may be interested inA comprehensive study of nonstoichiometry titanium oxide thin films ͑TiO x , 0.3Յ x Յ 2͒ prepared by ion beam deposition technique is reported. The physical properties of the material are studied by ultraviolet and x-ray photoelectron, Raman, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and atomic force microscopy. An abrupt transition from metallic characteristics to a wide gap semiconductor is observed in a very narrow range of oxygen variation. Concomitantly with this change the crystal structure and morphology suffer remarkable physical properties modifications. This transformation is ascribed to surface-volume energy minimization due to the influence of oxygen determining the size of the TiO 2 particles during coalescence.

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Section: Results: Analysis Of the Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive study of the influence of the stoichiometry on the physical properties of TiOx films prepared by ion beam deposition

Marchi

Bilmes

Ribeiro³

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, the time delay associated with the propagation of the respective Bloch wave packets towards the surface ( included in both the quantum-mechanical one-step 14 and the semi-classical three-step 15,16 description of photoemission) is encoded in the streaking spectrogram 12 . Differences in the propagation time of electrons ejected from different initial Bloch states manifest themselves as a temporal offset between the respective streaking traces [10][11][12] (cf.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct observation of electron propagation and dielectric screening on the atomic length scale

Neppl

Ernstorfer

Cavalieri

et al. 2015

Nature

168

148

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The propagation and transport of electrons in crystals is a fundamental process pertaining to the functioning of most electronic devices. Microscopic theories describe this phenomenon as being based on the motion of Bloch wave packets. These wave packets are superpositions of individual Bloch states with the group velocity determined by the dispersion of the electronic band structure near the central wavevector in momentum space. This concept has been verified experimentally in artificial superlattices by the observation of Bloch oscillations—periodic oscillations of electrons in real and momentum space. Here we present a direct observation of electron wave packet motion in a real-space and real-time experiment, on length and time scales shorter than the Bloch oscillation amplitude and period. We show that attosecond metrology (1 as = 10^-18 seconds) now enables quantitative insight into weakly disturbed electron wave packet propagation on the atomic length scale without being hampered by scattering effects, which inevitably occur over macroscopic propagation length scales. We use sub-femtosecond (less than 10^-15 seconds) extreme-ultraviolet light pulses to launch photoelectron wave packets inside a tungsten crystal that is covered by magnesium films of varied, well-defined thicknesses of a few ångströms. Probing the moment of arrival of the wave packets at the surface with attosecond precision reveals free-electron-like, ballistic propagation behaviour inside the magnesium adlayer—constituting the semi-classical limit of Bloch wave packet motion. Real-time access to electron transport through atomic layers and interfaces promises unprecedented insight into phenomena that may enable the scaling of electronic and photonic circuits to atomic dimensions. In addition, this experiment allows us to determine the penetration depth of electrical fields at optical frequencies at solid interfaces on the atomic scal

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“…21 One can expect the one-step model to reliably describe also a multiphoton case. Following the lines of the perturbation theory 20 one arrives at the second-order contribution to the excited state arising from the initial state ͉a͘ of energy ⑀…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretical models on this issue mainly rely on density-matrix time evolution 17,18 and nonlinear-response treatments. 19 In one-photon photoemission, the one-step model 20 is known to provide a firm basis for ab initio calculations. Experience shows that a high level of accuracy is absolutely necessary to interpret the experimental spectra even in this simpler case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct resolution of unoccupied states in solids via two-photon photoemission

et al. 2008

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Nonlinear effects in photoemission are shown to open an access to the band structure of unoccupied states in solids, totally different from hitherto used photoemission spectroscopy. Despite its second-order nature, strong resonant transitions occur, obeying exact selection rules of energy, crystal symmetry, and momentum. Ab initio calculations are performed to demonstrate that such structures are present in low-energy laser spectroscopy experimental measurements on Si. Similar resonances are predicted in ultraviolet angle-resolved photoemission spectra, as shown with a theoretical calculation on bulk Al.

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Photoemission spectroscopy—Correspondence between quantum theory and experimental phenomenology

Cited by 560 publications

References 48 publications

A comprehensive study of the influence of the stoichiometry on the physical properties of TiOx films prepared by ion beam deposition

A comprehensive study of the influence of the stoichiometry on the physical properties of TiOx films prepared by ion beam deposition

Direct observation of electron propagation and dielectric screening on the atomic length scale

Direct resolution of unoccupied states in solids via two-photon photoemission

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