“…This systematic shift of the characteristic Pt peak indicates that the Pt amount is well controlled at different ratios of the Ni x Pt 1– x alloy, in agreement with previously reported results. ,, Overall, the EDS and XPS results show that the elemental ratios of Ni and Pt in the alloy match the precursor ratio well. Such systematic regulation of the compositions of the Ni x Pt 1– x alloys via control of the precursor ratio indicates that the alloy reaction of the constituting precursors has successfully occurred, in agreement with the elemental mapping results obtained using STEM-EDS (Scheme C). ,,, As shown in Figure S1, the carbon framework of the Ni x Pt 1– x alloy was analyzed via XPS (Figure S1a) and Raman spectroscopy (Figure S1b). As shown in Figure S1a, the C1s spectra of the Ni x Pt 1– x alloy contain main peaks around 284 eV, corresponding to the CC bond of sp 2 -hybridized graphitic C and carbonate bonds, indicating the formation of a graphitic carbon shell on the surface of Ni x Pt 1– x alloy. , These XPS results suggest limited particle growth and hindered phase transformation of primary nanocrystalline Ni x Pt 1– x alloy due to carbon formed around them.…”