“…In recent years, college professors have been paying more and more attention to active learning. Various active learning techniques have been used to improve learning effectiveness in marketing education, such as in-class and online discussion (Sautter, 2007), case analysis (Klebba & Hamilton, 2007), field trips (Castleberry, 2007), computerized exercises (Pearson, Barnes, & Onken, 2006), photo essays (Ng, 2006), debates (Roy & Macchiette, 2005), students documenting their own participation (Peterson, 2001), and many others (Karns, 2006).…”