Photografting of N‐isopropylacrylamide and glycidyl methacrylate binary monomers on polyethylene film: Effect of mixed solvent consisting of water and organic solvent

Abstract

Photografting ( Ͼ 300 nm) of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) binary monomers (NIPAAm/GMA) on low-density polyethylene film (thickness ϭ 30 m) was investigated at 60°C using mixed solvent consisting of water and an organic solvent such as acetone. Xanthone was used as a photoinitiator by coating it on the film surfaces. A maximum percentage of grafting was observed at a certain concentration of acetone in the mixed solvent, which was commonly observed for both ratios of NIPAAm/GMA, 8/2 and 7/3. Based on the photografting of NIPAAm/GMA on xanthonecoated film, monomer reactivity ratios of NIPAAm (r 1 ) and GMA (r 2 ) were calculated using the Fineman-Ross method. The values were 0.31 Ϯ 0.1 and 4.8 Ϯ 0.2 for the water solvent system, while they were 0.96 Ϯ 0.1 and 4.9 Ϯ 0.1 for the mixed solvent system. NIPAAm/GMA-grafted films with a homogeneous distribution of grafted chains were formed by photografting using water and mixed solvents. The NIPAAm/GMA-grafted films exhibited temperatureresponsive characters, whereas the grafted films showed a reversible change in the degree of swelling between 0 and 50°C, respectively. Epoxy groups in the grafted poly-(NIPAAm/GMA) chains could be aminated with ethylenediamine in N,NЈ-dimethylformamide at 70°C for 3 h. Complexes of the aminated NIPAAm/GMA-grafted chains with cupric ion exhibited catalytic activity for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at 20 to 50°C.

Improvement of autohesive and adhesive properties of polyethylene plates by photografting with glycidyl methacrylate

“…Therefore, photografting of GMA was carried out by varying the irradiation time with a GMA monomer solution prepared in an aqueous ethanol solution of 80 vol%. It has been reported by Irwan et al [44][45][46] and other researchers 47 that grafting behavior depends on the balance between the two effects of the mixed solvent consisting of water and an organic solvent. A positive effect of an increasing concentration of the organic solvent component in the mixed solvent is an increase in the solubility of the monomer used.…”

“…To the contrary, the surface properties of the polyolefin materials modified by the grafting techniques should be preserved more durably than the surface modified by the techniques mentioned above. The grafting of various monomers on the polyolefin materials are initiated through plasma treatment 12 and irradiation with UV 13,[14][15][16][17][18] or Co 60 radiation [19][20][21][22] as an energy source.…”

Polymer Surface Modifications by Coating

“…In the case of organic solvent, the affinity of the solvent with the polymeric substrates (Wang, Brown, & Li, 2007;Wang & Brown, 2004a;Yang & Ranby, 1999;Zhao et al, 2000) and the initiating ability of the solvents (Deng et al, 2000a) should be considered to raise the reactivity ratio. Additionally, by using the mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent, the affinity of the mixed solvent with the polymeric substrate could be precisely controlled, which may efficiently determine the location of the grafted chains (Deng et al, 2000a;Irwan et al, 2002Irwan et al, , 2003aIrwan et al, , 2003bIrwan et al, , 2004Irwan et al, , 2005Wang & Brown, 2004b, 2004c.…”

Surface photografting initiated by benzophenone in water and mixed solvents containing water and ethanol

“…As an alternative method, photoinitiator is precoated on the surface of a polymer substrate by immersing the polymer substrate in an organic solution containing the photoinitiator for a period of time and then drying it, then the photografting reaction can be carried out in mixed solvents containing water and organic solvents. Kubota and coworkers8–11 investigated the effect of mixed solvent of water and organic solvents, such as acetone, methanol, dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran (THF), on the photografting of hydrophilic monomers on polyethylene film precoated with Xanthone (XT). It was found that the component of the organic solvents in the mixed solvent remarkably influenced both the grafting behaviors and the location of the grafted chains in the PE film substrate.…”