Photogrammetric Analysis of Eyebrow and Upper Eyelid Dimensions in South Indians and Malaysian South Indians

Packiriswamy, Vasanthakumar; Kumar, Pramod; Bashour, Mounir

doi:10.1177/1090820x13503472

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As the brow thickness is considered one of the sexually dimorphic facial features, men with thicker and flat eyebrows over the orbital rim are linked to the opinion of dominance and women with thin and raised eyebrows above the rim are considered more attractive. 13 In accordance with Packiriswamy et al, 5 the interbrow distance in the present study was wider in males than in females in MM and MC. Nevertheless, IB distance was wider in female than in males in MI, which agrees with the results of Anthony and Jung.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A relative thickness of the eyebrow and to a certain extent the separation of eyebrow (IB distance) into two arcs assists in identification of male and female faces. 5,10 In the present study, the eyebrow was significantly thicker in men than in women. As the brow thickness is considered one of the sexually dimorphic facial features, men with thicker and flat eyebrows over the orbital rim are linked to the opinion of dominance and women with thin and raised eyebrows above the rim are considered more attractive.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

“…The normal values of periorbital dimensions and position describing the sexual dimorphism and ethnic difference have been established for various groups. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] While very small numbers of population cohort studies with few parameters have been performed in the periorbital region, 8,9 little is known of the sexual dimorphism and ethnic difference of periorbital features in the Malaysian population. The aim of this study is to quantify the aesthetic dimensions and position of periorbital features in three major ethnic groups of the Malaysian population, which includes Malay (MM), Indians (MI), and Chinese (MC) groups.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anthropometric and Anthroposcopic Analysis of Periorbital Features in Malaysian Population: An Inter-racial Study

2018

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In oculoplastic operations, knowledge of the dimensions of periorbital features based on age, gender, and race is essential for achieving better aesthetic result. This article seeks to determine the racial and gender differences of periorbital features among Malaysian Malay (MM), Malaysian Indian (MI), and Malaysian Chinese (MI) subjects. Evaluation of periorbital features was done on photographs of 200 MM, 200 MI, and 200 MC subjects, aged 18 to 26 years. The measured values were evaluated by an independent -test. A significant difference was found between MM and MI in all measurements except interbrow distance in males, eyebrow thickness in females, and apex to lateral limbus distance in both sexes. Between MI and MC the difference was insignificant for interbrow distance in male groups, apex to lateral limbus distance in females, and palpebral fissure inclination and eyebrow apex angle in both sexes. Between MM and MC, significant differences were found for eyebrow thickness and medial canthus tilt in female group. Male groups showed significant difference for apex to lateral limbus and lateral canthus distance and eyebrow apex angle. Eyebrow height, palpebral fissure width, and intercanthal distance were significantly different in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism was found for all measurements in MI, but MM and MC showed insignificant difference for eyebrow apex angle. Four types of epicanthus were observed in MM and MC and three types in MI. Eyebrow apex between lateral limbus and lateral canthus was the most common position in all racial groups. Significant racial and gender differences exist for certain periorbital measurements. The knowledge of these differences is expected to influence the surgical outcome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

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confidence: 99%

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Anthropometric and Anthroposcopic Analysis of Periorbital Features in Malaysian Population: An Inter-racial Study

2018

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“…A few studies have been conducted on orbitofacial anthropometry in Indian populations within India [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. But, the available literature search shows a study performed by Husein et…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbitofacial Assessment of Indian Americans and Its Significance – An Anthropometric Study

Sadacharan¹

2015

MOJAP

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Background: For the perception of facial attractiveness, the orbital region in the face acts as a key determinant factor. The Orbitofacial measurements vary with sex and race. Orbital region in the face is one of the most important regions in plastic, reconstructive and ophthalmic surgery and anthropometric evaluation. There are no reports available on the Orbitofacial anthropometry in Indian American population.

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“…7 Other studies have used measurement techniques from photographs. 14,[21][22][23] Photos can be imperfect in representing a patient's face. 24 In addition, the authors felt that it was somewhat difficult to judge the position of the ears in standard frontal preoperative photographs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Asymmetry: Brow and Ear Position

Perumal

Meyer

2018

Facial plast Surg

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The purpose of the current study was to analyze brow and ear position, and examine the relationship between these structures in patients presenting for blepharoplasty evaluation. A retrospective chart review was performed, which included all patients presenting to one oculoplastic physician for a blepharoplasty evaluation from November, 2012 to March, 2014. The prevalence of brow ptosis and brow and ear asymmetry was calculated; the proportional distribution was determined, and chi-square analysis and the z-test of proportions were used to calculate the significance. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this study. A total of 133 patients met the inclusion criteria. Some degree of brow ptosis was noted in 83% of patients. Brow asymmetry was found in 88% of patients, and ear asymmetry in 77%. Of those patients who had asymmetry, 61% had the right brow lower and 75% had the right ear lower; 73% of all patients had the brow and ear lower on the same side ( < 0.001). In this study, brow ptosis and asymmetry were quite common. In addition, the side of the lower brow correlated strongly with the side of the lower ear, and the right side structures were lower more often than the left. Patients presenting for blepharoplasty evaluation may have an element of generalized facial asymmetry which includes the brows and ears. These observations can be important for preoperative planning and patient counseling.

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Photogrammetric Analysis of Eyebrow and Upper Eyelid Dimensions in South Indians and Malaysian South Indians

Abstract: Ethnic and sex differences exist for eyebrow and eyelid dimensions in the 2 groups we studied. Knowledge of these trends is significant during surgical planning to obtain ideal outcomes.

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Anthropometric and Anthroposcopic Analysis of Periorbital Features in Malaysian Population: An Inter-racial Study

Anthropometric and Anthroposcopic Analysis of Periorbital Features in Malaysian Population: An Inter-racial Study

Orbitofacial Assessment of Indian Americans and Its Significance – An Anthropometric Study

Facial Asymmetry: Brow and Ear Position

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