Photographic Film Dosimetry

Dudley, Robert

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3257-7.50015-9

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, experience shows that film dosimetry is an excellent practical method (Ehrlich, 1954: Granke et a / . , 1954Dudley, 1956), particularly for high-energy electrons (Dutreix, 1958;Ovadia & Uhlmann, 1960;Spira ei a/., 1962;Garsou, 1965).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Film Dosimetry of High‐energy Electrons

Dutreix

1969

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The above considerations are valid only for radiation of specified quality, but it is necessary to investigate whether the optical density is dependent on the energy of the electrons.The ratio of the collision-stopping powers in the emulsion and in muscle (FIG-URE 2) calculated from Berger's and Seltzer's data (1964) varies f 2% between 20 2 d 25 1 0.5 KODAK M 1962-66 J FIGURE I . Normalized Sensitometric curves. In this series of batches of Kodak Type M (Vincennes, France), the density above the fog was not proportional to the dose. All densitometric curves corresponding to different processing conditions (from 14' to 20' and 3 min to c 0 x 71 E 8 < e z u13 X OL S 0 0s DOG x P 00 m

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Film Dosimetry of High‐energy Electrons

Dutreix

1969

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…The exponential absorption characteristic of beta radiation and the dependence of the mass absorption coefficient solely on the value of E max have been derived from a number of seminal studies of beta absorption by Evans [18], Katz and Penfold [19] and Dudley [20]. Evans [18], Dudley [20] and Brownell [21] state that the explanation of this behaviour depends on an assumption that the beta energy distribution and angular distribution does not significantly change with absorber thickness. Brownell [21] comments that empirical observations of the energy and angular distribution of beta radiation imply '.…”

Section: Effect Of Clothing Thickness On Beta Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination skin doses and attenuation of radiation by clothing

et al. 2010

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The potential operating environment following an attack using CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) materials has led to design work aiming to reduce the physiological burden of protective clothing, while maintaining satisfactory levels of chemical protection. In this paper, we review the radiological protection provided by these lighter, thinner clothing options. Monte Carlo modelling has been used to determine the contribution to skin dose from both beta and gamma radiation from four sources, each with different emission characteristics. The protection factors for eight materials have been characterised in terms of the surface density of each material (ranging from 50 to 482 g m⁻²). As protective clothing is made lighter and more breathable, the radiological protection is significantly reduced. This work has provided quantitative analysis of the magnitude of this reduction. A simple algorithm has been derived which can be used to estimate the protection factor for any clothing, on the basis of the surface density of the material (within the range of materials studied). These results show the need for skin radiation exposure to be considered by protective suit designers and CBRN response planners.

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“…Now let us consider nonlinear cases. For example, radiographic films (Dudley 1966) such as Kodak X-Omat V film (Mota et al 1990) and BANG R polymer gel (MGS Research Inc., Madison, CT, US) (Islam et al 2003, Low et al 2000 exhibit nonlinear response behaviours. Suppose that X is represented by an exponential function of dose D:…”

Section: Nonlinear Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable transformation of calibration equations for radiation dosimetry

Watanabe¹

2005

Phys. Med. Biol.

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For radiation dosimetry, dosimetric equipment must be calibrated by using known doses. The calibration is done to determine an equation that relates the absorbed dose to a physically measurable quantity. Since the calibration equation is accompanied by unavoidable uncertainties, the doses estimated with such equations suffer from inherent uncertainties. We presented mathematical formulation of the calibration when the calibration relation is either linear or nonlinear. We also derived equations for the uncertainty of the estimated dose as a function of the uncertainties of the parameters in the equations and the measured physical quantity. We showed that a dosimeter with a linear calibration equation with zero dose-offset enables us to perform relative dosimetry without calibration data. Furthermore, a linear equation justifies useful data manipulations such as rescaling the dose and changing the dose-offset for comparing dose distributions. Considering that some dosimeters exhibit linear response with a large dose-offset or often nonlinear response, we proposed variable transformations of the measured physical quantity, namely, linear- and log-transformation methods. The proposed methods were tested with Kodak X-Omat V radiographic film and BANG polymer gel dosimeter. We demonstrated that the variable transformation methods could lead to linear equations with zero dose-offset and could reduce the uncertainty of the estimated dose.

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Photographic Film Dosimetry

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Film Dosimetry of High‐energy Electrons

Film Dosimetry of High‐energy Electrons

Contamination skin doses and attenuation of radiation by clothing

Variable transformation of calibration equations for radiation dosimetry

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