Photographic optical systems with nonrotational aspheric surfaces

Plummer, William T.; Baker, James G.; Tassell, Jon Van

doi:10.1364/ao.38.003572

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…For the first group, free-form surfaces are widely employed nowadays in the manufacturing of ophthalmic lenses, particularly progressive addition ones [1] [2]. Free-form imaging optics is also present in the design of enhanced imaging systems ranging from high aspect on-axis systems [3] to both optical [4] and catoptrical [5] photographic lenses. The main applications of non-imaging optical systems with free form surfaces are illumination systems [6] and solar concentrators [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and development of a profilometer for the fast and accurate characterization of optical surfaces

et al. 2015

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With the advent of techniques devised for the mass production of optical components made with surfaces of arbitrary form (also known as free form surfaces) in the last years, a parallel development of measuring systems adapted for these new kind of surfaces constitutes a real necessity for the industry. Profilometry is one of the preferred methods for the assessment of the quality of a surface, and is widely employed in the optical fabrication industry for the quality control of its products. In this work, we present the design, development and assembly of a new profilometer with five axis of movement, specifically suited to the measurement of medium size (up to 150 mm of diameter) "free-form" optical surfaces with sub-micrometer accuracy and low measuring times. The apparatus is formed by three X, Y, Z linear motorized positioners plus and additional angular and a tilt positioner employed to locate accurately the surface to be measured and the probe which can be a mechanical or an optical one, being optical one a confocal sensor based on chromatic aberration. Both optical and mechanical probes guarantee an accuracy lower than the micrometer in the determination of the surface height, thus ensuring an accuracy in the surface curvatures of the order of 0.01 D or better. An original calibration procedure based on the measurement of a precision sphere has been developed in order to correct the perpendicularity error between the axes of the linear positioners. To reduce the measuring time of the profilometer, a custom electronics, based on an Arduino TM controller, have been designed and produced in order to synchronize the five motorized positioners and the optical and mechanical probes so that a medium size surface (around 10 cm of diameter) with a dynamic range in curvatures of around 10 D, can be measured in less than 300 seconds (using three axes) keeping the resolution in height and curvature in the figures mentioned above.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and development of a profilometer for the fast and accurate characterization of optical surfaces

et al. 2015

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“…The needed vector elements of b (n,m) are mathematical expressions only dependent on previously calculated Taylor series coefficients for o = 2, 3, .., (n + m − 1) and can be calculated for each ordinal number o = 2, 3, .. in ascending order and for all possible combinations of n and m from equations (9)- (11). For known matrices M x , M y and M xy and vectors b (n,m) , the Taylor series coefficients can be calculated by solving the linear systems of equations (12).…”

Section: Figure 2 Introduction Of All Necessary Initial Values and Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytic free-form lens design for imaging applications with high aspect ratio

et al. 2012

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A new three-dimensional analytic optics design method is presented that enables the coupling of three ray sets with only two free-form lens surfaces. Closely related to the Simultaneous Multiple Surface method in three dimensions (SMS3D), it is derived directly from Fermat's principle, leading to multiple sets of functional differential equations. The general solution of these equations makes it possible to calculate more than 80 coefficients for each implicit surface function. Ray tracing simulations of these free-form lenses demonstrate superior imaging performance for applications with high aspect ratio, compared to conventional rotational symmetric systems.

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“…According to Plummer, Baker and van Tassel [11], variable optical power lenses were first suggested by Kitajima [12] and later on by Birchall [13]. Lohmann [14][15][16][17] and Alvarez [18,19] re-discovered independently Kitajima's technique for implementing varifocal lenses.…”

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confidence: 99%