Photographs for anthropometric measurements of the breast region. Are there limitations?

Abstract

PURPOSE:To determine the limitations of the photographs used to obtain the anthropometric measurements of the breast region. METHODS:Five women, between the ages of 18 to 60 years, were evaluated. Photographs of the frontal and left and right profile views of their breasts were taken. Based on the current literature, the most commonly used anthropometric and anatomic landmarks for breast measurement were marked in their different positions. The different points were used to evaluate if the direct anthropometry was possible in a standardized way and determine how the points and the positions can to be used in any breast measurements. RESULTS:There were some limitations to the use of defining points of the breast fold, as well as of its lower portion and lateral extension positions in both profiles. CONCLUSION:The defining points of the breast fold and the profile photographs have some limitations and we suggested how the points and positions can be used for breasts measurements.

Getting to know the types of JPEG and RAW photo files used in research

“…Quieregatto et al 9 described anthropometric and anatomical points to be used for measurements using breast photography. These points were selected to standardize the measurement of breasts and to increase the reproducibility of the methods.…”

“…The points analyzed were based on breast evaluations as a reference to beauty, breast symmetry, and the ideal point of the mammary papilla. Quieregatto et al, based on these studies, defined the points and the best position (frontal) that would allow study of the breasts through photographs 6,8,9 .…”

“…The smaller the number of pixels used in the group, the greater the color resolution of the image obtained, because a group with a smaller number of pixels will be used to color a given segment and may cause changes in image definition (Figure 3). point more proximal to the anterior axillary line (Ax), and a point corresponding to half the distance between the acromion and the lateral epicondyle, called the "midpoint of the humerus" (a 1/2), according to the study by Quieregatto et al 6,8,9 (Figure 4).…”

Breast measurement using Adobe Photoshop®

“…Quieregatto et al 21 described anthropometric and anatomical points to be used for breast measurement in the frontal plane. These points were selected in order to standardize breast measurement and increase methodological reproducibility.…”

“…These points were selected in order to standardize breast measurement and increase methodological reproducibility. It has been shown that there are limitations on points that could possibly be used for photographic measurement in the oblique and profile views 21 .…”