Photoinduced channel waveguide formation in nonlinear optical polymers

Diemeer, Mart; Suyten, F. M. M.; Trommel, E. S.; McDonach, A.; Copeland, J. M.; Jenneskens, L. W.; Horsthuis, Winfried H. G.

doi:10.1049/el:19900247

Cited by 125 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The film is cooled to room temperature with the field applied to freeze the poled molecules in their place. Polymeric electrooptic devices have been fabricated using different techniques such as the Selective Poling Procedure [ 191 (SPP) and photobleaching [20]. However, there remain some critical issues unique to polymeric waveguides which could impede further development of polymeric devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of index of refraction of polymeric waveguides

Moshrefzadeh

Radcliffe

Lee

et al. 1992

J. Lightwave Technol.

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The temperature dependence of refractive index of polymer films was determined for a number of slab waveguides by a grating coupling method. This dependence was examined as a function of parameters such as molecular weight and glass transition temperature of the polymer. Temperature induced changes in N T E -N T M , N being the effective index, were studied systematically for different slab waveguide compositions. It is shown that with proper device design and choice of polymeric materials, thermal effects can be reduced.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of index of refraction of polymeric waveguides

Moshrefzadeh

Radcliffe

Lee

et al. 1992

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Most of the polymeric waveguides reported so far were fabricated using reactive ion beam etching (RIE) [2,3], photo-bleaching [4,5], and ion-implantation [6] processes. These methods involve many processing steps, and can lead to long fabrication time and low yield.…”

Section: Passive Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer devices for photonic applications

Wong

Liu

Chan

et al. 2006

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…Some common techniques used for polymeric waveguide fabrication include ion implantation with a mask, 2, 3 photolithography and reactive ion etching (RIE) 4,5 and photo-bleaching. 6,7 These methods either involve numerous processing steps or require long fabrication times. Direct-write techniques such as electron beam lithography 8,9 and proton beam writing, 10, 11 on the other hand, have the advantage of being maskless, allowing rapid and inexpensive prototyping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton beam writing of passive polymer optical waveguides

Sum¹,

Bettiol

Soma³

et al. 2004

SPIE Proceedings

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Proton beam writing is a new direct-write micromachining technique capable of producing 3-dimensional (3-D), high aspect ratio micro-structures with straight and smooth sidewalls. It uses a focused sub-micron beam of 2.0 MeV protons to direct-write on a suitable polymer, such as the photoresists: poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) and SU-8, a negative tone photoresist from MicroChem. In this paper, we report on the application of proton beam writing to fabricate low-loss passive polymer waveguide structures such as symmetric y-branching waveguides in SU-8. SU-8 channel waveguides are fabricated by first direct-writing the pattern using a proton beam and subsequently chemically developing the latent image formed. A UV-cured resin, Norland Optical Adhesive 88 (NOA-88 ) is used as the cladding layer. Being a direct-write technique, proton beam writing offers us great flexibility to fabricate waveguides of arbitrary patterns and this is an asset that can be applied to the rapid prototyping of optical circuits. With all its unique characteristics, proton beam writing is an excellent technique for waveguide fabrication.

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Photoinduced channel waveguide formation in nonlinear optical polymers

Cited by 125 publications

References 1 publication

Temperature dependence of index of refraction of polymeric waveguides

Temperature dependence of index of refraction of polymeric waveguides

Polymer devices for photonic applications

Proton beam writing of passive polymer optical waveguides

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