Photoinitiating Systems for LED-Cured Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Shi, Suqing; Karasu, Feyza; Rocco, C.; Allonas, Xavier; Croutxé‐Barghorn, Céline

doi:10.2494/photopolymer.28.31

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…37 The addition of a thiol (RSH) to a blend of ITX and IOD + is able to initiate simultaneously the free radical photopolymerization of dimethacrylates and the cationic polymerization of epoxides under visible light LED with high monomer conversion rates. 27 This innovative three-component photoinitiating system is very promising to design and prepare poly(meth)acrylate-based organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Nevertheless, the photochemical mechanism for efficient production of radical and protonic acid initiating species by photolysis of this three-component photoinitiating system is still unclear up to now.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Investigation of a Dual Bicyclic Photoinitiating System for Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials

et al. 2017

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One-pot synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid materials under light requires specific photoinitiating systems which are able to release several different initiating species after light absorption. In this paper, the reaction mechanism of a photocyclic three-component initiating system based on isopropylthioxanthone as photoinitiator and an iodonium salt and a thiol as co-initiators was studied. It is shown that this system enables simultaneous release of both radicals and protons which are able to initiate a free radical photopolymerization and the hydrolysis-condensation of a sol-gel network, respectively. Time-resolved investigations by laser flash photolysis show that the initiating species are produced within two concomitant cyclic reaction mechanisms depending on the relative quantities of the co-initiators. Protons resulting from the secondary dark reaction of the photocyclic systems are detected at the microsecond scale by means of a proton-sensitive molecular probe, and corresponding quantum yields are measured. Finally, synthesis of organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials under LED light at 395 nm is evaluated with respect to the mechanistic considerations demonstrating the dual initiating character of the system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Investigation of a Dual Bicyclic Photoinitiating System for Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials

et al. 2017

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“…Due to the short wavelength absorption of iodoium salts (<300 nm), both radical and/or cation generation has been often pursued by a sensitized mechanism [4,5], where traditional mercury lamps [4,7], LEDs [4,[8][9][10][11] or NIR lasers [12][13][14][15] have been applied to generate initiating species. This requires to use a sensitizer exhibiting a significant absorption in the emission area of the light source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between NIR and UV-Sensitized Radical and Cationic Reactivity of Iodonium Salts Comprising Anions with Different Coordination Behavior

Shiraishi¹,

Kimura²,

Oprych

et al. 2017

J. Photopol. Sci. Technol.

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) were tested regarding their efficiency as radical initiator to initiate radical polymerization according to a sensitized mechanism. A NIR LED emitting at 790 nm was applied to initiate sensitized polymerization applying the polymethine S2265 as sensitizer. Change of the sensitizer resulting in spectral overlap with emission of UV-LED emitting at 395 nm complimented the experiments to understand the behavior of these iodonium salts under different exposure conditions. Furthermore, formation of protons was quantitatively probed by Rhodamine B lactone showing that UV sensitization resulted in a significant higher yield compared to NIR-sensitized photopolymerization. Surprisingly, the iodonium salt bearing the [(CF3SO2)3C] --anion exhibited a good performance in both radical photopolymerization and photoinduced formation of protons. Thioxanthon (ITX) served as sensitizer for all UV-LED experiments.

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“…Therefore, suitable photoinitiator systems should be chosen for proper curing. One shortcoming of LED‐curing is the higher probability of oxygen inhibition because of their lower emission intensity, which could be largely overcome with proper formulation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Green” UV‐LED gel nail polishes from bio‐based materials

Zareanshahraki

Mannari

2018

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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OBJECTIVE: Gel nail polishes represent an advanced class of nail polishes, with the ability to cure under ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and consequently demonstrate improved properties and greater durability compared to conventional nail polishes. Most gel nail polishes available today are based on petrochemical resources, making them unsustainable. Bio-based materials are excellent renewable resources, with high potential for meeting final-product performance, cost, and environmental needs. In addition, bio-based materials can be modified to make them amenable to being cured by advanced Light Emitting Diode (LED) resources that consume low energy and are safer for human exposure compared to conventional UV-mercury lamps. Consumer preference for use of products made from bio-based sources has been clearly growing.On the other hand, according to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) technology roadmap, a considerable amount of basic chemical building blocks should be derived from plant-based renewable materials in near future. However, to the best of our knowledge, bio-based nail products have not been sufficiently explored. Therefore, to keep pace with environmental regulations and consumer preference, there is an unmet opportunity to develop novel, sustainable nail gel polishes with considerable bio-renewable content.In this study, two sustainable UV-LED curable gel nail polish prototypes-one high-solids zero-volatile organic content (VOC) and the other waterborne, both with considerable bio-renewable content, were designed. METHODS: Both formulations were cured under both UV-mercury and UV-LED radiation sources in order to evaluate their curing efficiency under a UV-LED source. Also, their performance was compared with a commercial petro-based benchmark. RESULTS:The high-solids formulation demonstrated promising performance, exceeding that of the benchmark in opacity, chemical properties, gloss, and pendulum hardness, while the waterborne formulation met most of the desirable requirements with some significant technical benefits, including low odour and higher renewable raw material content. CONCLUSION: These novel gel nail polishes are greener alternatives to the current products in the market with high potential for promising consumer acceptance.

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Photoinitiating Systems for LED-Cured Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Mechanistic Investigation of a Dual Bicyclic Photoinitiating System for Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials

Mechanistic Investigation of a Dual Bicyclic Photoinitiating System for Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials

Comparison between NIR and UV-Sensitized Radical and Cationic Reactivity of Iodonium Salts Comprising Anions with Different Coordination Behavior

“Green” UV‐LED gel nail polishes from bio‐based materials

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