Photoinitiators enhanced 1,2-dichloropropane-induced cytotoxicity in human normal embryonic lung fibroblasts cells in vitro

Abstract

Dichloromethane (DCM) and 1,2-dichloropsropane (DCP) have various uses, including being solvents for paint removers. Photoinitiators are also used in a wide range of commercial applications such as printing. These chemicals have been shown to induce cytotoxic effects. In the present study, we evaluated the combined effects of DCM or DCP from paint removers and photoinitiators used in printing on normal human embryonic lung fibroblasts with the aim of preventing occupational injuries. We showed that DCP, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (2,2-DMPAP), 2-ethylhexyl-4-(dimethylamino) benzoate (2-EHDAB), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (1-HCHPK), and methyl 2-benzoylbenzoate (MBB) induced cytotoxicity, whereas DCM and 2-isopropylthioxanthone (2-ITX) did not. In addition, 2-methyl-4'-(methylthio)-2-morpholinopropiophenone (MTMP) caused a slight increase in cytotoxicity. The combination of DCP and the four photoinitiators (2,2-DMPAP, 2-EHDAB, MBB, and MTMP) significantly induced cytotoxicity and also led to apoptosis. In conclusion, the combination of DCP and photoinitiators may increase the risk of respiratory diseases.

Relationship between cumulative exposure to 1,2-dichloropropane and incidence risk of cholangiocarcinoma among offset printing workers

“…Consequently, these chemicals are unlikely to be causative chemicals. Kawasaki et al 15 found that the combination of 1,2-DCP and four photoinitiators (possibly included in UV ink) significantly induced cytotoxicity and speculated that simultaneous exposure to chlorinated organic solvents and photoinitiators may enhance cytotoxicity in the printing workers. However, photoinitiators could not have contributed to the development of cholangiocarcinoma because at least 11 of the 17 patients had not used UV ink during the 1,2-DCP exposure period.…”

Optimized Photoinitiator for Fast Two‐Photon Absorption Polymerization of Polyester‐Macromers for Tissue Engineering

“…[17,18] When it comes to the application of the generated constructs in biomedical applications, initiator migration issues have been considered. The conversion of laser light energy into the chemical photoresists must be optimized.…”