Photoinitiators with functional groups. V. New water‐soluble photoinitiators containing carbohydrate residues and copolymerizable derivatives thereof

Abstract

The synthesis of new water‐soluble photoinitiators (PIs) based on hydroxyalkylphenones, benzophenones, and thioxanthones with carbohydrate residues such as glucose, cellobiose, and 1‐amino‐1‐deoxy‐D‐glucitol (glucamine) is described. In addition, selected initiators were reacted with methacryloyl chloride to obtain copolymerizable initiators with improved migration stability. Results from photo differential scanning calorimetry and gel‐content measurements in commercially available water‐thinnable and emulsion‐type resins as well as 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate are included. Glucose‐modified PIs gave the best results with respect to compatibility with the resin, reactivity, and gel content. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1504–1518, 2002

A Highly Efficient Polymerizable Photoinitiator Comprising Benzophenone, Thio Moieties, and N‐Arylmaleimide

“…Because the UV spectra of photoinitiators were measured at a very low concentration of 2.5  10 À5 M, this transition can be attributed to the main benzenoid p-p à type transition. [23,24] Compared with the bare BP, MTBP, and MTPBP, the BP derivates with mono-substituted maleimides and thio group, exhibit significantly red-shifted p-p à absorption, and their maxima are 318 and 316 nm, respectively. This result can be mainly ascribed to the strong electron donating ability of thiophenyl group that is directly linked to BP moieties in MTBP and MTPBP.…”

Study of Novel PU‐Type Polymeric Photoinitiators Comprising of Side‐Chain Benzophenone and Coinitiator Amine: Effect of Macromolecular Structure on Photopolymerization

“…As for benzophenone derivatives, the main benzenoid p-p à type transition is usually in the region of 250-300 nm. [35] These polymeric photoinitiators all exhibit significantly red-shifted maximal absorption near 320 nm, which may be ascribed to the strong electron donation effect via the thiophenyl group. Therefore, This red-shifted maximum makes these polymers attractive as photoinitiators, suitable for UV-curing near to the wavelength of visible light.…”

Effect on Photopolymerization of the Structure of Amine Coinitiators Contained in Novel Polymeric Benzophenone Photoinitiators

“…It is well known that transitions in the region of 250-300 nm belong to the main benzenoid p-p*-type transitions of benzophenone. [47] These polymeric photoinitiators all exhibit a significantly red-shifted maximal absorption, which may be attributed to the electron donation via the thiophenyl group. This red-shifted maximum makes these polymers attractive as photoinitiators, suitable for UVcuring near the visible light.…”