2001
DOI: 10.1021/ar000165c
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Photoisomerization by Hula-Twist:  A Fundamental Supramolecular Photochemical Reaction

Abstract: The volume-conserving hula-twist cis/trans isomerization process has been incorporated in a general scheme for photoisomerization of polyenes, applicable to small organic molecules as well as to protein-bound polyene chromophores. The main theme is that in solution the conventional one-bond-flip mechanism dominates, while in frozen media (or under other forms of supramolecular constraint) the hula-twist mechanism takes over. Literature examples of photoisomerization obtained under confined conditions have been… Show more

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Cited by 245 publications
(206 citation statements)
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“…Structural analyses and modeling suggest that the hydrogen bonds to the carbonyl group of ring D in the 15Za pocket are disrupted when the C15AC16 double bond undergoes isomerization via either one-bond-flip or hula-twist mechanisms (12,21). Isomerization via the hula-twist mechanism minimizes the volume swept out by chromophore atoms during the primary photochemical processes of photoreceptors such as photoactive yellow protein and bacteriorhodopsin (22). In RpBphP3-CBD, isomerization via the hula-twist mechanism would involve both the C14OC15 single bond and the C15AC16 double bond of the chromophore, which would cause severe steric clashes with residues lining the cavity of ring D such as Asp-216, Tyr-272, Phe-212, and Tyr-185.…”
Section: (E)-p⌽b and 2(s)3(e)-p⌽b (Pdb Id Code 2ool)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Structural analyses and modeling suggest that the hydrogen bonds to the carbonyl group of ring D in the 15Za pocket are disrupted when the C15AC16 double bond undergoes isomerization via either one-bond-flip or hula-twist mechanisms (12,21). Isomerization via the hula-twist mechanism minimizes the volume swept out by chromophore atoms during the primary photochemical processes of photoreceptors such as photoactive yellow protein and bacteriorhodopsin (22). In RpBphP3-CBD, isomerization via the hula-twist mechanism would involve both the C14OC15 single bond and the C15AC16 double bond of the chromophore, which would cause severe steric clashes with residues lining the cavity of ring D such as Asp-216, Tyr-272, Phe-212, and Tyr-185.…”
Section: (E)-p⌽b and 2(s)3(e)-p⌽b (Pdb Id Code 2ool)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From a theoretical organic chemistry point of view, this isomerization most likely involves the "Hula-Twist" mechanism that preserves, at first approximation, the positions of theβ-ionone ring and the Schiff base (56). A conventional "one-bond-flip" mechanism would predict a large rotation of the β-ionone ring within the rhodopsin molecules ( Figure 3, see Supplemental Materials: Follow the Supplemental Material link on the Annual Reviews homepage at http:// annualreviews.org/).…”
Section: Regeneration and Photobleaching Pathwaymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Für die gegenteilige Behauptung (Drehung der C=C-Bindung um 1808 als Weg niedrigerer Energie) gibt es bisher keinen Beleg, wenn man von Monoolefinen und erzwungenen Fällen wie bei 2 absieht. Dass in Matrices viele Beispiele für Hula-Twists beobachtet wurden, [7] muss nicht auf die Wirkung eines räumlichen Zwangs hinweisen: Die Matrix war vielleicht schlicht für das Ausfrieren des primären Konformers verantwortlich, was zur Erkennung des Hula-Twists erforderlich war. Weiterhin bedeuten die kryogenen Temperaturen in diesen Experimenten, dass der HT nur eine Aktivierungsenergie nahe null benötigt und daher der Weg niedrigster Energie ist.…”
Section: Methodsunclassified
“…Liu und Hammond deuteten in mehreren Übersichtsartikeln viele frühere Befunde anhand dieses Mechanismus neu. [7] Da die beim HT erwarteten Konformere nur in einer Matrix oder bei geeigneter sterischer Behinderung beobachtet wurden, läuft nach Liu und Hammond der HT über einen Kanal höherer Energie und damit nur bei einem äußeren oder inneren Zwang ab. Dies widerspricht unserem Postulat, dass der HT durch eine innere treibende Kraft bevorzugt ist.…”
unclassified