Photoleukocoria with smartphone photographs

Asensio-Sánchez, Víctor Manuel; Díaz-Cabanas, L.; Martín-Prieto, A.

doi:10.2147/imcrj.s163735

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Physiologic leukocoria (Fig. 1G) is caused by flash photography at ~15° off the optic axis, which maximizes reflection of light off the optic disc toward the camera lens ( 29 , 30 ). This “magic” angle was corroborated in this study (fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous early detection of eye disease in childhood photographs

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The “red reflex test” is used to screen children for leukocoria (“white eye”) in a standard pediatric examination, but is ineffective at detecting many eye disorders. Leukocoria also presents in casual photographs. The clinical utility of screening photographs for leukocoria is unreported. Here, a free smartphone application (CRADLE: ComputeR-Assisted Detector of LEukocoria) was engineered to detect photographic leukocoria and is available for download under the name “White Eye Detector.” This study determined the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CRADLE by retrospectively analyzing 52,982 longitudinal photographs of children, collected by parents before enrollment in this study. The cohort included 20 children with retinoblastoma, Coats’ disease, cataract, amblyopia, or hyperopia and 20 control children. For 80% of children with eye disorders, the application detected leukocoria in photographs taken before diagnosis by 1.3 years (95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 2.3 years). The CRADLE application allows parents to augment clinical leukocoria screening with photography.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous early detection of eye disease in childhood photographs

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In order to assess the pseudo-leukocoria, which is frequently seen in smartphone images of normal eye caused by flash or the light source of the advanced smartphone camera or reflection off the optic nerve head at off-axis photography [8,[12][13][14], eyes of four normal children were analyzed with MDEyeCare app. Among images taken at all gazes, two children were showing unilateral leukocoria-like reflex, detected in a photograph at lateral gaze (Supplementary Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone-based application improves the detection of retinoblastoma

Khedekar

Devarajan²,

Ramasamy

et al. 2019

Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose To improve and validate the smartphone-based leukocoria detection application so that non-ophthalmologists could make use of the smartphone for early detection of Retinoblastoma (RB) in young children without anesthesia and pharmacological dilatation of the pupil. Methods Two apps, MDEyeCare and CRADLE, developed for red reflex based leukocoria detection were used in iPhone 6s. MDEyeCare methodology was modified with respect to ambient lighting, the distance between camera and eye and different gazes for better performance. We analyzed totally 34 eyes of 23 RB patients and four normal children. Each of the RB patients was confirmed with clinical examination and radiological investigations. Results Modification in the methodology of MDEyeCare app could detect the leukocoria in early stages of RB (50% of Group B, 83% of Group C). In late stages (Group D and E), 100% of tumors were detected. The CRADLE app failed to provide adequate leukocoria detection except four late stage RB eyes. Among the 14 normal eyes (6 from unilateral RB and eight from normal children), pseudo-leukocoria was observed in three eyes only at lateral gaze even with MDEyeCare app. Conclusion Improved methodology in smartphone-based app enhanced the detection of RB and this may translate into better outcome after treatment with respect to vision salvage.

show abstract

“…The use of smartphones as a screening tool could increase referral rates for suspected leukocoria due to artefact or where the optic nerve is inadvertently imaged (20) which is particularly problematic with offaxis photographs (21,22). On the other hand, modern mobile phones often automatically eliminate the red re ex leading to missed opportunities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population study: Incidence of Congenital Cataracts and Efficacy of Screening Programme

Pritchard¹,

Tan²,

Shirley

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The red reflex test (RRT) is widely used as a screening tool to detect congenital cataract. This study aims to determine the incidence of congenital cataract in Northern Ireland and to evaluate the success of the RRT screening programme. Methods Retrospective review of consecutive abnormal red reflex referrals in 2017 and 2018 inclusive. We collected data on the source and timing of referral, diagnostic outcome, visually significant cataract, and surgical intervention. Additionally, data was collected on all cases of confirmed congenital cataract diagnosed in the Regional Paediatric Ophthalmology Service within the same time period. Results In the study period, 179 children with suspected red reflex abnormalities were referred. In the same period, thirteen patients were diagnosed with visually significant congenital cataract under one year. Eight (62%) were female and seven (54%) affected both eyes. Only 46% were detected through the screening programme. Three children were above one year of age at the time of diagnosis with sub-optimal outcomes. Six patients were diagnosed with non-visually significant congenital cataract and one juvenile onset were not included. Eight infants diagnosed with lens opacities required surgical intervention. Incidence of visually significant congenital cataract in Northern Ireland was calculated at 2.8 per ten thousand live births per year. Conclusions Northern Ireland has a similar incidence of congenital cataract compared to the remainder of the UK. This study highlights that red reflex screening requires further refinement, which can be augmented by pupillary dilatation, to ensure timely diagnosis and improve visual outcomes.

show abstract

Photoleukocoria with smartphone photographs

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Autonomous early detection of eye disease in childhood photographs

Autonomous early detection of eye disease in childhood photographs

Smartphone-based application improves the detection of retinoblastoma

Population study: Incidence of Congenital Cataracts and Efficacy of Screening Programme

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About