Large-area (>1 cm 2 ), vertically aligned ZnGa 2 O 4 , Mn 2þ -doped ZnGa 2 O 4 (ZnGa 2 O 4 :Mn 2þ ) and Cr 3þ -doped ZnGa 2 O 4 (ZnGa 2 O 4 :Cr 3þ ) nanowire arrays were synthesized by a two-step thermal evaporation method using ZnO nanowire arrays as the templates followed by reaction with Ga and/or dopant (Mn or Cr) vapors. Bright red, green, and blue luminescence was achieved, respectively, from ZnGa 2 O 4 :Cr 3þ , ZnGa 2 O 4 :Mn 2þ , and ZnGa 2 O 4 nanowire arrays under ultraviolet light irradiation. The realization of three primary colors from one host material suggests that full color display based on ZnGa 2 O 4 nanowires might be achievable.